Odaenathus - Odaenathus

Japanese: オダエナトゥス - おだえなとぅす

…During this time, the Nabataean city of Petra declined, Syria's role as the western end of the Silk Road gradually increased, and from the 1st century Palmyra became a Roman vassal state. This oasis city was a base for caravans controlled by merchant aristocrats, but in the first half of the 3rd century, Odaenathus took control, built up military power, and was entrusted with the defense of the east in place of Rome, whose Persian front was weakened by internal turmoil. After her husband's death, a woman named Zenobia took real power and became the de facto queen, supporting her son Vaballathus and declaring independence from Rome (271). …

From Zenobia

…Julia Aurelia Zenobia (later Septimia Zenobia), or Bath (Bat) Zabbai in Aramaic, was the second wife of Odaenathus, the chief of Palmyra, a free city of the Roman Empire at the time. After defeating the Sassanid Persians, who threatened the Roman East, Zenobia was appointed provincial governor of the East. Zenobia always marched with her husband and even commanded the army herself. …

From Palmyra

…In the 3rd century, the threat of the Sassanid Empire grew and the central government of Rome was in turmoil. Palmyra gained independence from Rome and became a kingdom. In the mid-3rd century, the chief of Palmyra, Odaenathus, defeated the Sassanid Empire that had invaded from the East and was given the title of corrector totius orientis by the Roman emperor. After his death in 267, his wife Zenobia appointed her son Vaballathus as the king of Palmyra and sought independence from Rome and to expand the territory. After conquering a vast area from Asia Minor to Egypt and calling himself Augusta, Emperor Aurelian began to attack Palmyra, capturing Zenobia and his allies. Palmyra was completely destroyed in 273 and its prosperity came to an end. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Odaenathus" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この間に，ナバテア人のペトラが衰退するとともに，シルクロードの西端部としてのシリアの役割はしだいに増大し，1世紀からローマの臣従国はパルミュラが勢力を増大させた。このオアシス都市は商人貴族の支配する隊商の拠点であったが，3世紀前半にオダエナトゥスが支配権を握るとともに，軍事力を蓄え，内政上の混乱のためにペルシア戦線が手薄になったローマに代わり，東方の防衛をまかされた。夫の死後，実権を握ったゼノビアという女性が事実上の女王となり，子ウァバラトゥスを擁立して，ローマからの独立を宣言した(271)。…

【ゼノビア】より

…フルネームはユリア･アウレリア･ゼノビアJulia Aurelia Zenobia(後にセプティミア･ゼノビアSeptimia Zenobia)，アラム語ではバト･ザッバイBath(Bat) Zabbai。当時ローマ帝国の自由都市であったパルミュラの首長オダエナトゥスOdaenathusの2番目の妻となる。オダエナトゥスはローマ東方を脅かしていたササン朝ペルシアを撃退し，ローマから東方の行政総監督官に任じられたが，ゼノビアは常に夫と共に行軍し，自ら軍の指揮もとった。…

【パルミュラ】より

…3世紀のササン朝ペルシアの脅威の増大とローマ中央政府の混乱の中で，パルミュラのローマからの自立と王国化が進んだ。3世紀半ば，パルミュラの首長オダエナトゥスOdaenathusは東方から侵入してきたササン朝ペルシアを撃退し，ローマ皇帝から東方領の行政総監督官corrector totius orientisの称号を与えられた。267年彼の死後，その妻ゼノビアは息子ウァバラトゥスVaballathusをパルミュラ王としてローマからの独立と領土拡大を図り，小アジアからエジプトに至る広大な領域を征服し，さらに自ら〈アウグスタ〉と称するに及んで，アウレリアヌス帝はパルミュラ討伐に着手，ゼノビアらを捕らえ，273年パルミュラは徹底的に破壊され，その繁栄は終わった。…

※「オダエナトゥス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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