When epithelial cells are classified by morphology, they are long and cylindrical. Other types of epithelial cells include squamous epithelium, which is long and flat, and cuboidal epithelium, which is cuboidal. The tissue that covers the surface of body cavities and tubular cavities in the body is called epithelial tissue, and epithelial cells form this tissue. Epithelial cells can be either single-layered or multi-layered, and these are usually combined and called "simple columnar epithelium," "stratified columnar epithelium," "simple squamous epithelium," or "stratified squamous epithelium." They can also be further classified into more detailed categories such as "pseudostratified columnar epithelium" (pseudostratified columnar epithelium). Beneath the epithelial cells are muscles and blood vessels, which are clearly separated by the basement membrane between them. The morphology and layer structure of these epithelial cells determine the functions of internal organs. For example, intestinal epithelial cells are simple columnar epithelium formed from a single layer of elongated cells, while skin is formed from stratified squamous epithelium, which is made up of multiple layers of elongated cells. One type of esophageal lesion is Barrett's esophagus (Barrett's epithelium, Barrett's syndrome), in which areas of the esophagus' squamous epithelium are replaced by columnar epithelium, and it is thought to be a precancerous lesion of esophageal cancer. [Editorial Department] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
上皮細胞を形態により分類したときに、縦長で円柱形をしたものをいう。上皮細胞にはほかに横長で扁平(へんぺい)な形の扁平上皮、立方形の立方上皮がある。体内の体腔(たいくう)や管腔の表面を覆う組織を上皮組織といい、その組織を形成しているのが上皮細胞である。また、上皮細胞には単層のものと何層にも重なる重層のものがあり、通常はこれらを組み合わせて「単層円柱上皮」「重層円柱上皮」「単層扁平上皮」「重層扁平上皮」のようによぶ。さらに、「多列円柱上皮」(偽重層円柱上皮)のように細かく分類されることもある。 上皮細胞の下には筋肉や血管があり、その間にある基底膜によって明確に分けられている。この上皮細胞の形態と層構造が体内臓器の機能を決定する。たとえば腸の上皮細胞は縦長の細胞が一層で形成される単層円柱上皮であり、皮膚などは横長の細胞が何層にも重なる重層扁平上皮で形成される。食道の病変の一つにバレットBarrett食道(バレット上皮、バレット症候群)があり、これは食道の扁平上皮の領域が円柱上皮に置き換わるもので、食道癌(がん)の前癌病変と考えられている。 [編集部] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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