A heretical sect that arose in the late 19th century in America, believing in the second coming of Christ and the emergence of the millennial kingdom, and rejecting the current system. Its headquarters are in Brooklyn, New York. Because it vigorously expresses its ideology of rejecting the traditions, organization, and clerical system of the church, it is considered a heretic and isolated in the institutional Christian world, but in the general public it is seen as a sect that emphasizes the second coming of Christ and the study of the Bible, and advocates refusal of blood transfusions, martial arts such as judo and kendo, and military service. The doctrine of this sect was proposed by C. T. Russell (1852-1916) and systematized by J. F. Rutherford (1869-1942). Because the motif of rejecting this world (criticism of authority) is linked to the belief in the second coming of Christ, a tense attitude permeates the daily words and actions of its followers, and their enthusiasm sometimes stimulates secular people and institutional religious people. The first leader in Japan was Akashi Junzo. The Japanese branch, Toudaisha, was founded in 1926 (Showa 1), and after the Pacific War, the Japanese branch was established in 1948, and the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society was organized in 1953. The name "Watchtower" comes from the Book of Habakkuk (Chapter 2, Part 2). [Shiro Kawamata] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
キリストの再臨と千年王国の出現を信じ、現実の制度を否定して、19世紀後半のアメリカに発生した異端的宗派。ニューヨークのブルックリンに本部がある。教会の伝統と組織と教職制度を否定する思想を激しく表明するため、制度的なキリスト教界では異端と評価されて孤立しているが、一般社会では、キリストの再臨と聖書研究を強調し、輸血や柔剣道など格闘技の拒否、兵役の拒否を主張する一教派とみられている。この派の教義はC・T・ラッセル(1852―1916)が提唱し、J・F・ラザフォード(1869―1942)が体系化した。現世拒否のモチーフ(権力批判)がキリストの再臨信仰と結び付いているため、緊張の固持が信者の日常的言動を包み込み、その熱意は世俗の生活者と制度的宗教家をときに刺激する。日本での最初の指導者は明石(あかし)順三。1926年(昭和1)日本支部の灯台社が創立され、太平洋戦争後は48年に日本支部が、53年にものみの塔聖書冊子協会が組織された。なお、「ものみの塔」は「ハバクク書」(2章の2)に由来する。 [川又志朗] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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