Insulin resistance

Japanese: インシュリン抵抗性 - いんしゅりんていこうせい
Insulin resistance

...When a normal person orally ingests 100g of glucose on an empty stomach early in the morning (oral glucose tolerance test), within 3 hours after the meal, in addition to the 25g that is taken up by the brain, red blood cells, etc., 60g will be taken up by the liver, and the remaining 15g will be taken up by muscle and fat tissue. The curve showing the change in blood glucose level over time at this time is called the glucose tolerance curve, but since insulin secretion is lower in diabetes than in normal people, the curve tends to become higher as it decreases, and when the action of insulin on target cells becomes difficult to manifest due to diabetes, obesity, liver damage, etc. (insulin resistance), the glucose that is not taken up by tissues and remains in the blood accumulates, and the level remains high.
[Abnormalities in blood glucose reabsorption and blood glucose concentration]
Normally, very little glucose is excreted in the urine.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "insulin resistance" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 100gのグルコースを正常人が早朝空腹時に経口摂取すると(ブドウ糖経口負荷試験),食後3時間までに,前述の脳,赤血球等の取り分25gのほかに,60gが肝臓に取り込まれ,残り15gが筋肉や脂肪組織に受け取られる。この際の血糖値の経時的変化を示す曲線を糖忍容力曲線と呼ぶが,糖尿病では正常人よりインシュリン分泌が低下するので,低下するにつれて曲線がより高位を占める傾向を示し,糖尿病,肥満,肝臓障害等で標的細胞でのインシュリンの作用が現れにくくなると(インシュリン抵抗性),組織内に取り込まれずに血中に残存するグルコースが蓄積して,いつまでも高値をとるようになる。
[血糖の再吸収と血糖濃度の異常]
 グルコースは正常では尿中にはほとんど排出されない。…

※「インシュリン抵抗性」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

>>:  Insulin shock therapy

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