A method of classifying local government revenues. Local government revenues are divided into general revenues, whose uses are not specified, and specific revenues, whose uses are limited to specific purposes. The former include local taxes, local allocation taxes, local transfer taxes, grants and payments to municipalities with national facilities, prefectural grants, general donations, carryover revenues, and some user fees. The latter include so-called dependent revenues such as national treasury disbursements, prefectural disbursements, and local bonds, as well as independent revenues such as contributions, user fees, and fees. These are called specific revenues because their uses are specified for individual public services. For example, national treasury disbursements are required by the national government to be spent on specific public services. For local autonomy, it is important for local governments to have the discretion to use revenues freely, and it is desirable for the proportion of general revenues to be large, but the proportion of general revenues in the composition of local government revenues is quite small. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
地方公共団体の収入分類法の一つ。地方公共団体の収入は,その使途が特定されていない一般財源と,その使途が特定の目的に限定されている特定財源とに区分される。前者は地方税,地方交付税,地方譲与税,国有施設等所在市町村交付金および納付金,都道府県交付金,一般寄付金,繰越財源があり,一部の使用料もこれに含まれる。後者には国庫支出金,都道府県支出金,地方債などのいわゆる依存財源のほか,分担金,使用料,手数料などの自主財源がある。これらを特定財源というのは,個々の公共サービスにその使途が特定されているからであり,たとえば国庫支出金は,国により特定の公共サービスに支出することを義務づけられている。地方自治のためには地方公共団体が収入を自由に使用できる裁量権をもつことが重要であり,一般財源の比率の大きいことが望ましいが,地方財政の歳入構成比に占める一般財源の割合はかなり小さい。
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