An insect belonging to the order Hemiptera and the family Coccidae. Also known as the cottony scale. It is native to Australia, but has spread to almost all parts of the world on plant seedlings. It was first introduced to Japan in 1908 (Meiji 41) from North America into Shizuoka Prefecture with citrus seedlings, and has since spread throughout the country. The body length of an adult female is 4 mm. Its entire body is dark orange and oval-shaped. Its back is covered with a white waxy substance and has many long hairs. When it matures, it forms a white, cotton-like egg sac about 5 mm long under its body, in which it lays more than 200 red eggs. It overwinters as an adult or larva, and emerges 2-3 times a year. It is polyphagous, parasitizing more than 300 species of plants and trees, and is particularly well-known as a pest of citrus. It absorbs sap from the branches and leaves of plants, which reduces the vigor of the tree. Controlling them with chemicals is difficult, but they have many natural enemies, and the Bedalis ladybird, a species of ladybird native to Australia, is particularly effective, so many areas have introduced and are using it to reduce damage. [Tachikawa Shuji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
昆虫綱半翅(はんし)目ワタフキカイガラムシ科に属する昆虫。別名ワタフキカイガラムシ。原産地はオーストラリアであるが、植物の苗木について、ほとんど世界中に分布を広げた。日本には1908年(明治41)に北アメリカから、柑橘(かんきつ)類の苗木とともに静岡県に侵入し、その後全国に広がった。体長は雌成虫が4ミリメートル。全体が暗橙(あんとう)色で、楕円(だえん)形。背面は白色蝋(ろう)物質で覆われ、多くの長毛がある。成熟すると体下に白い綿状の、長さ5ミリメートル内外の卵嚢(らんのう)を形成し、その中に200粒以上の赤色の卵を産む。成虫または幼虫で越冬し、年2~3回発生する。多食性で、300種以上の草木に寄生し、とくにミカン類の害虫として著名である。植物の枝葉より汁液を吸収するので樹勢が低下する。薬剤による防除はむずかしいが、天敵が多く、とくにオーストラリア原産のテントウムシの1種であるベダリヤテントウの効果が大きく、導入利用して被害を軽減している地域が多い。 [立川周二] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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