Treaty of Amsterdam

Japanese: アムステルダム条約 - アムステルダムじょうやく

The new Treaty on European Union agreed to by the leaders of the 15 member states of the EU at the Amsterdam Summit in June 1997. It came into force in May 1999. It is a comprehensive review of the Maastricht Treaty and its predecessor, the Treaty of Rome, which established the EU and the path to the introduction of a single European currency, and can be considered the EU's "new constitution." The new treaty (1) replaced the previous unanimous decision-making system with a "constructive abstention system" on security policy, so that the abstention of a specific country would not prevent the overall vote (abstention does not prevent the summit's decisions, but if the abstention rate exceeds one-third, no decision can be made). (2) It confirmed the concept of multi-stage integration and set out the "principle of flexibility" to promote integration in specific areas by the three willing countries alone. (3) Regarding the European Monetary Union, the Fiscal Stability Pact was agreed upon, which aimed to keep the budget deficit within 3% of GDP (gross domestic product), while the Resolution on Growth and Employment was adopted, making it possible to respond to changes in the social environment. After that, in preparation for the EU's expansion into Central and Eastern Europe, the Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001, and the provisions of the EU's main treaties were significantly revised.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

EU（ヨーロッパ連合）加盟15ヵ国の首脳が1997年６月，オランダのアムステルダム首脳会議で合意した新ヨーロッパ連合条約のこと。1999年５月に発効した。EU設立やヨーロッパ単一通貨導入の道筋を定めたマーストリヒト条約やその前身のローマ条約などを一括して見直したもので，EUの〈新憲法〉といえる。　新条約では，（１）安保政策の面でこれまでの全会一致方式から特定国の棄権が全体の採決を妨げないように〈建設的棄権制〉（首脳会議の決定は棄権によって妨げられない，ただし棄権が３分の１を超えた場合には決定は行えない）を導入した。（２）多段階統合の概念を確認し，意欲のある３国だけで特定分野の統合を推し進める〈柔軟性原理〉を打ち出した。（３）ヨーロッパ通貨統合については，財政赤字の対GDP（国内総生産）比を３％以内に収めるとする〈財政安定協定〉に合意する一方，〈成長と雇用に関する決議〉を採択し，社会環境の変化にも応じることができる内容とした。その後，EUの中東欧への拡大に備えて，2001年ニース条約が調印され，EUの主要条約の規定は大幅に改定されることになった。

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