A group that satisfies the commutative law, that is, a group that satisfies ab = ba for any elements a and b, is also called a commutative group. The Norwegian mathematician Abel studied this in relation to solving algebraic equations. When an operator symbol is expressed with a plus sign, it is often said to form a module. For example, the set of integers Z forms a module if we focus on addition. The identity element is 0, and the inverse of the integer z is -z. The set of rational numbers with 0 removed forms an abelian group under multiplication. Its identity is 1, and the inverse of any nonzero rational number r is r -1 . The simplest abelian group is a group generated by a single element, that is, a cyclic group. For example, let ω be the cube root of 1, and ω ≠ 1, and Abelian groups were actively studied in the 1870s by Kronecker, Frobenius, and others, and the fundamental theorem was also proven around that time. [Tsuneo Adachi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
可換法則を満たす群、すなわち任意の元a、bに対し、ab=baを満たす群をいい、可換群ともいう。ノルウェーの数学者アーベルが代数方程式の解法に関連して考察した。演算記号がプラスで表されているときは、加群をなすということが多い。たとえば、整数の全体Zは加法に注目すれば、加群をなす。単位元は0で、整数zの逆元は-zである。 有理数の全体から0を取り除いた集合は乗法に関してアーベル群をなす。単位元は1で、0でない有理数rの逆元はr-1である。アーベル群のなかでいちばん単純なものは、ただ一つの元から生成される群、すなわち巡回群である。たとえばωを1の3乗根とし、ω≠1とし、 アーベル群はクロネッカーやフロベニウスなどによって1870年代から盛んに研究され始め、基本定理もそのころ証明を与えられたものである。 [足立恒雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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