Intercontinental ballistic missile. A land-launched strategic ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead and a range of 5,600 km or more. It is launched to high altitude (maximum altitude 1,500-3,500 km) by rocket engine and travels along a dynamically determined trajectory to reach its destination. It takes about 30 minutes. The former Soviet Union (Russia) was the first to develop ICBMs, successfully test-firing a partial range in 1957, and deployed them the following year in 1958. The United States deployed them in 1959, and China about 20 years later. In addition to these three countries, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) also deploys ICBMs. There is the SLBM (Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile), a missile that can carry strategic nuclear weapons and has a range comparable to that of an ICBM. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
大陸間弾道ミサイル。有効射程 5600km以上の,核弾頭を搭載した陸上発射型の戦略用弾道ミサイルをいう。ロケットエンジンで高高度(最大高度 1500~3500km)に打ち上げ,力学的に決まる弾道を描いて目的地に達する。所要時間は 30分ほど。旧ソビエト連邦(ロシア)がいち早く開発に着手し,1957年に部分射程の試射に成功,翌 1958年に配備された。アメリカ合衆国は 1959年に,そのおよそ 20年後には中国が配備した。3ヵ国のほかには朝鮮民主主義人民共和国(北朝鮮)が ICBMを配備している。戦略核兵器が運搬でき,ICBMに匹敵する射程をもつミサイルとして,SLBM(潜水艦発射弾道ミサイル)がある。
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