...Leaving aside the fact that brittle materials such as glass and ceramics can undergo brittle fracture, the problem in industry is that metal materials, which normally exhibit ductile fracture behavior accompanied by considerable plastic deformation before fracture, can exhibit brittle fracture behavior under certain conditions. In general, the problems are high stress concentration due to the presence of crack-like defects, reduced ductility of materials at low temperatures (low temperature brittleness, cold shortness), and adverse environments for materials such as hydrogen. For this reason, there have been many cases where structures designed solely on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and yield stress have suffered major fracture accidents. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "low temperature brittleness" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ガラスや陶器といったいわゆる脆性材料が脆性破壊を起こすのはともかく,工業上問題となるのは,通常破壊に至るまでにかなりの塑性変形を伴う延性的な破壊挙動を示す金属材料が,条件によって脆性的な破壊挙動を示す場合があるということである。一般的には,亀裂状の欠陥の存在による高い応力集中,低温下における材料の延性の低下(低温脆性low temperature brittleness,cold shortness),および水素などによる材料に対する悪環境等が問題となる。このために引張強度,降伏応力等の機械的性質からのみ設計された構造物が大きな破壊事故に至った場合も多い。… ※「low temperature brittleness」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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