Maximow, A. (English spelling) MaximowA

Japanese: Maximow,A.(英語表記)MaximowA
Maximow, A. (English spelling) MaximowA

...Around the same time, the American couple W.H. Lewis and M.R. Lewis attempted to develop synthetic media with clearly defined components to replace natural media such as plasma, serum, lymph, ascites, and tissue extracts, which have variable chemical compositions and contain unknown substances. Later, many researchers, including H. Eagle, made efforts to reduce the proportion of natural media required for culture, and it is now possible, albeit to a limited extent, to grow cells using only synthetic media whose components are precisely known. In 1925, Maximow, in culturing tissue fragments from mammalian embryos, was the first to distinguish between cell culture and organ culture, clarifying the concepts and distinguishing them by terminology. In 1926, TPS Strangeways and HB Fell of the Strangeways Laboratory in the UK developed a method of organ culture in which tissue fragments or organs are placed on a mixture of chicken plasma and embryo extract and exposed to air, preventing the proliferation of cells from migrating from the explant and maintaining normal tissue structure without losing the overall shape. They used this method to study the development and differentiation of the primordium of chicken limbs.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Maximow, A." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…同じころ,アメリカのルイス夫妻W.H.Lewis,M.R.Lewisによって,化学組成が一定せず,未知の物質も含まれている血漿,血清,リンパ液,腹水,組織抽出物などの天然培地の代りに,成分のはっきりした合成培地の開発が試みられ,その後,イーグルH.Eagleらの多くの研究者によって,培養に要求される天然培地の含有比率を少なくする努力がなされ,現在では,限られた範囲ではあるが,成分が正確にわかっている合成培地だけでも細胞を生育させることが可能になった。1925年に,マクシモーA.Maximowは哺乳類の胚の組織片の培養において,初めて培養を細胞培養と器官培養とに分けて,それらの概念を明確にし,術語によって区別した。イギリスのストレンジウェーズ研究所のストレンジウェーズT.P.S.StrangewaysとフェルH.B.Fellは,26年にニワトリ血漿と胚抽出物の混合凝固体の上に,組織片や器官を置いて空気にさらすことによって,増殖した細胞が外植体から遊走するのを抑え,全体の形を崩さずに正常な組織構造を保ったままで維持する器官培養の方法を完成し,ニワトリの肢の原基の発生と分化を研究した。…

※「Maximow,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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