Onmyoji - Onmyoji // Onyoji

Japanese: 陰陽師 - おんみょうじ//おんようじ
Onmyoji - Onmyoji // Onyoji
One of the government positions established in Japan after the Asuka period. Based on the Yin-Yang and Five Elements philosophy that originated in China, there was the art of Onmyodo, and there was a profession called "Onmyoji" that utilized this to maintain and administer the Ritsuryo regulations. Later, they went beyond the political sphere to also be in charge of divination, magic, and rituals. Under the Ritsuryo system, Onmyoji belonged to a department called "Onmyoryo" in the Ministry of Central Affairs, and were responsible for the compilation of divination, astronomy, time, and calendars.
One famous real-life onmyoji was Abe Seimei, who was active during the Heian period. He is said to be the ancestor of the Abe clan, who oversaw the Onmyoryo.
In 1986, science fiction writer Baku Yumemakura published his novel Onmyoji, with Seimei as the main character, in the September issue of All Yomimono (Bungeishunju), and published his first novel, Onmyoji, in 1988. It has since become a series, with a total of over 5 million copies in print. His works are available in paperback, pocket edition and picture books, and related books have also been published.
The novel "Onmyoji" has been adapted into a manga, a TV drama, and a movie, and has been popular in each of these genres. The manga was written by Okano Reiko, and the 13 volumes of the book have been published by Hakusensha. It features unique characters and includes storylines not found in the novel, which Yumemakura praised highly, saying "it made the work even more complete." In 2001, it was made into a TV drama for the first time on NHK, starring SMAP's Inagaki Goro. In 2015, it was broadcast as a special drama on TV Asahi, with Ichikawa Somegoro (7th generation) playing Seimei. Two movies, "Onmyoji" in 2001 and "Onmyoji II" in 2003 (both directed by Takita Yojiro), were made. In both films, Seimei was played by Noh actor Nomura Mansai, and Seimei's friend Minamoto Hiromasa was played by Ito Hideaki. Mansai's movements and the beauty of his dance, honed through classical performing arts, were highly praised, and he won the Best Actor award at the 44th Blue Ribbon Awards and the Newcomer of the Year award at the 25th Japan Academy Awards.
Also, figure skater Yuzuru Hanyu (ANA), the gold medalist in the men's singles at the 2014 Sochi Olympics, made headlines when he performed a program called "SEIMEI" using the soundtrack from the movie "Onmyoji" in his free skating competition in the 2015-2016 season. Wearing a costume modeled after the white hunting costume worn by Mansai in the movie, the program included poses of chanting curses and movements based on traditional Japanese performing arts.

(Writer: Tomoko Wakabayashi/2015)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
飛鳥時代以降の日本で設けられた官職の一つ。中国を起源とする陰陽五行思想に基づいて陰陽道があり、それを活用して律令規定を維持・運営するために「陰陽師」という専門職があった。後には政治の領域にとどまらず、占術や呪術、祭祀(さいし)をつかさどるようになった。律令制下において陰陽師は、中務省の中にある「陰陽寮」という部署に所属し、占い・天文・時・暦の編纂(へんさん)を担当した。
実在した陰陽師としては、平安時代に活躍した安部清明(あべのせいめい)が有名。陰陽寮を統括した安倍氏の祖先とされる。
SF作家の夢枕獏は1986年、清明を主人公とした小説『陰陽師』を「オール讀物」(文藝春秋)9月号に発表、88年に小説の第1作『陰陽師』を刊行。以後シリーズ化され、累計発行部数は500万部を超えている。作品は単行本・文庫、絵本などがあり、関連書も発刊されている。
小説『陰陽師』は、マンガ化、テレビドラマ化、映画化されており、それぞれの分野で人気を集めている。マンガ化は岡野玲子によるもので、単行本は全13巻が白泉社から発行している。独自のキャラクターが登場したり、小説にはないストーリーも盛り込まれたりしており、このことについて夢枕は「より完成度の高い作品にしてくれた」と高く評価している。2001年にはNHKで初めてテレビドラマ化され、主演はSMAPの稲垣吾郎が務めた。15年にはテレビ朝日系でスペシャルドラマとして放送、市川染五郎(7代目)が清明を演じた。映画は01年に「陰陽師」が、03年に「陰陽師II」が製作された(共に滝田洋二郎監督)。2作とも清明を能楽師・野村萬斎、清明の友人・源博雅(みなもとのひろまさ)を伊藤英明が演じた。萬斎の古典芸能で鍛えた所作や舞の美しさが高く評価され、萬斎は第44回ブルーリボン賞主演男優賞、第25回日本アカデミー賞新人俳優賞を受賞した。
また、フィギュアスケーターで、14年ソチオリンピック男子シングル金メダリストの羽生結弦(ANA)が、15~16シーズンのフリースケーティングで、映画「陰陽師」のサウンドトラックを使い、「SEIMEI」というプログラムを演じたことでも話題になった。萬斎が映画で着用した白い狩衣を模した衣装で、呪(しゅ)を唱えるポーズや、日本の伝統芸能に基づく動きなどを盛り込んでいる。

(若林朋子 ライター/2015)

出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報

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