Noblesse

Japanese: noblesse
Noblesse

…These associations largely embraced the traditional hierarchy that had existed since the Middle Ages. The first estate was the clergy, the second estate was the nobility, and the third estate was the bourgeoisie. On the eve of the revolution, of the total population of 26 million, there were only about 120,000 clergy and 350,000 nobles, but they formed a privileged class that was exempt from royal taxes. …

From [Nobility]


[Western]
In Western history, the term aristocracy generally refers to a class of people whose economic base was large-scale hereditary land ownership, who were free from the need for manual labor to make a living, and who, through their prominent military role and the formation of an exclusive clan based on noble blood, enjoyed great privileges in the political leadership of the nation.
[Classical Antiquity]
In the Greek city-states, during the transition from monarchy to democracy in the 8th to 6th centuries BC, an aristocratic government (aristokratia) was established.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "noblesse" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…これらの社団を大きく包み込むものとして,中世以来の伝統的な身分制秩序が受け継がれていた。第一身分としての聖職者clergé,第二身分としての貴族noblesse,そしてブルジョアジー以下の第三身分le tiers étatがそれである。革命前夜の総人口2600万のうち,聖職者は約12万,貴族は約35万にすぎないが,彼らは,王税を免除された特権階層を形成していた。…

【貴族】より


【西洋】
 西洋の歴史において貴族とは,一般に大規模な世襲的土地所有を経済基盤として,生活のための手の労働から解放され,その卓越した軍事的役割と,高貴な血統による排他的門閥形成を通じ,国家の政治的指導の面で大きな特権をもつ身分を指す。英語ではnobility,フランス語ではnoblesse,ドイツ語ではAdel。
[古典古代]
 ギリシアのポリスでは,前8~前6世紀,王政から民主政への過渡期に,貴族政(アリストクラティアaristokratia)が実現された。…

※「noblesse」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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