...They developed a film-based sound-on-film process called Movietone, which rivaled Warner Brothers' Vitaphone and led the way in the practical application of talkies, but they were defeated by financial capital over talkie patents, and their business slumped during the economic depression of 1929. Most of the company's stock was bought up by Chase National Bank, a Rockefeller affiliate, and in 1935 they merged with 20th Century Pictures. The people who created the color of 20th Century Fox films were the powerful and unique Spyros Skouras (1893-1971), who was president from 1942 to 1962 and had complete control over production, even being described as dictatorial, and Darryl F. Zanuck, who was head of production from 1935 to 1956 and succeeded Skouras as president in 1962. Under the Skouras-Zanuck regime, stars such as Shirley Temple, Alice Faye, Don Ameche, Betty Grable, and Marilyn Monroe were born, and ambitious and controversial works were produced in a variety of genres, including westerns from The Road to Hell and The Mohawk Drums (both 1939) through Cliffside (1946) to The Gunfighter (1950), social dramas from The Grapes of Wrath (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941) through Gentleman's Agreement (1947), The Snake's Pit (1948) to All About Eve (1950), and Zapata, the Revolutionary (1952). *Some of the terminology that mentions "Spyros Skouras" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…〈ムービートンmovietone〉と名づけたフィルム式トーキーsound‐on‐film processを開発,ワーナー・ブラザースの〈バイタフォンvitaphone〉に対抗しつつトーキー実用化の先鞭をつけたが,トーキー特許権をめぐって金融資本に敗北,29年の経済恐慌から事業不振におちいり,ロックフェラー系のチェース・ナショナル銀行に大部分の株を買い占められ,35年,20世紀映画社と合併した。 20世紀フォックス映画のカラーをつくり上げたのは,42年から62年まで社長の任にあり,製作のすべてを掌握し,独裁的であるとさえいわれた強力で個性的なスパイロス・スクーラスSpyros Skouras(1893‐1971)と,1935年から56年まで製作本部長を担当し,62年からはスクーラスの後を継いで社長となったダリル・F.ザナックである。そのスクーラス=ザナック体制下で,シャーリー・テンプル,アリス・フェイ,ドン・アメチ,ベティ・グレーブル,マリリン・モンローといったスターが生まれ,《地獄への道》《モホークの太鼓》(ともに1939)から《荒野の決闘》(1946)をへて《拳銃王》(1950)に至る西部劇,《怒りの葡萄》(1940),《わが谷は緑なりき》(1941)から《紳士協定》(1947),《蛇の穴》(1948)をへて《イヴの総て》(1950),《革命児サパタ》(1952)に至る社会劇など,さまざまなジャンルの野心作,問題作がつくられた。… ※「Spyros Skouras」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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