...Currently, this field studies the structure, replication, transmission, and chemical composition of the nucleus and organelles themselves, as well as the chromosomes and DNA molecules they contain, using optical, ultraviolet, fluorescent, or electron microscopes in order to relate and correspond various genetic phenomena to cytological phenomena. From [Mutation]…It is now believed that what de Vries observed were intrachromosomal recombination and genomic mutations, not true mutations. The first people to observe gene mutations in the strict sense were LJ Stadler in corn and HJ Muller in Drosophila in 1929. Gene mutations usually occur at extremely low frequencies (10 −6 to 10 −9 ), but it was discovered that they can be induced at high frequencies by ionizing radiation and various chemicals. Not only were these mutagens used in research to elucidate the mechanisms of mutation emergence, but the use of the resulting mutant strains led to rapid development in genetics. … *Some of the terminology references "Stadler, LJ" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…現在,この分野では種々の遺伝学的現象を細胞学的現象に関連・対応づけるため,核や細胞小器官(オルガネラ)自体およびそれらに含まれる染色体やDNA分子の構造・複製・伝達・化学的組成などを光学・紫外線・蛍光あるいは電子顕微鏡を用いて研究している。 【突然変異】より…今では,ド・フリースが観察したのは染色体内組換えおよびゲノム突然変異であって,真の突然変異ではなかったと考えられている。厳密な意味での遺伝子突然変異を最初に観察したのは1929年のことで,トウモロコシを使ったスタッドラーL.J.Stadlerとショウジョウバエを使ったH.J.マラーである。遺伝子突然変異はきわめて低い頻度(10-6~10-9)で起こるのが普通であるが,電離放射線や種々の化学物質によって高頻度に誘発されることがわかるとともに,これらの突然変異原は突然変異の出現機構の解明の研究に活用されるようになっただけでなく,得られた突然変異株を利用することによって,遺伝学が急速に発展することになった。… ※「Stadler,L.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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