...However, when people belong to social groups with their own unique and independent legal norms and interact beyond the boundaries of those groups, problems arise at any time and in any place and in any era that are regulated and dealt with by the norms that we call international private law today. The Romans, who believed that the civil law (ius civile) only applied to those who had citizenship, as its name suggests, created a special law to apply to interactions with foreigners (since there were no nations as we would call them today, there were no foreigners) and called this the universal law (ius gentium), which applied to people of all ethnicities. Today, it would be a special substantive law that applies to international relations. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ius gentium" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし,人がそれぞれに固有・独立の法規範をもった社会集団に属し,しかもその集団の枠を越えて交流しあうところには,いついかなる場所と時代にも今日われわれが国際私法と呼ぶ規範によって規律・処理しているような諸問題が発生する。〈市民法ius civile〉をその名の示すとおり市民権をもつ者に対してのみ適用されると考えていたローマの人々は,外人(この時代には今日いうところの国家がないから,したがって外〈国〉人はいない)との交流関係に適用されるための特別の法律を作り,これをすべての民族の人々に適用される〈万民法ius gentium〉と称した。今日でいえば国際関係に適用される特別の実質法である。… ※「ius gentium」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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