In a broad sense, it refers to psychology that takes an understanding (understanding) approach, such as when psychoanalysis or clinical psychology understands the patient's psychology through their words and actions. In a narrow sense, it refers to the psychology advocated by Dilthey and his disciple Spranger. From the standpoint of historical philosophy, Dilthey advocated a psychological science method in which historians understand humans, opposing it to the natural science method. He opposed the laboratory-based atomistic explanatory psychology advocated by Bundt and Ebbinghaus, and advocated a descriptive, segmental, understanding psychology that re-experiences, empathizes with, and interprets the mental products of human language, gestures, literature, music, sculpture, etc. Segmentation means thinking about humans in separate parts, such as the neck, torso, and limbs. Dilthey contributed to the study of the history of the mind and literary studies by doing so, while Spranger contributed to adolescent psychology and developmental psychology by distinguishing between six value systems: theory, economics, aesthetics, social interaction, power, and religion. [Utsugi Tamotsu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広い意味では了解(理解)的方法をとる心理学のことで、精神分析や臨床心理学が患者のことばや動作などを通してその心理を理解する場合がその例である。狭い意味では、ディルタイおよびその弟子のシュプランガーらの主張した心理学をさす。ディルタイは歴史哲学の立場から、歴史家が人間を理解する精神科学的方法を提唱して自然科学的方法に対立させた。彼はブントやエビングハウスらが主張する実験室的な原子論的説明的心理学に反対し、人間の言語、身ぶり、文学、音楽、彫刻などの精神的所産を追体験し、共感し解釈する記述的分節的了解心理学を主張した。分節とは人間には首や胴体や手足があるというように、分けて考えることである。ディルタイはそれによって精神史、文芸学の研究に貢献したが、シュプランガーは、理論、経済、審美、社交、権力、宗教の6種の価値体系を区別して青年心理学、発達心理学に貢献した。 [宇津木保] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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