Vertical Justice - Ryugi

Japanese: 竪義 - りゅうぎ

A debate and answer session held at various large temples of various sects to test the abilities of monks. Currently, it is mainly used for the purpose of qualifications for chief priests and promotion to higher ranks. The exam is conducted by a gathering of various officials, including the Tategisha (candidate), Tandai (the person in charge who selects 10 questions related to various Buddhist studies and poses them to the Tategisha and makes the final decision), Monsha (the person who asks the various questions), Seigi (the person who judges the Tategisha's answers), Chikushi (the recorder), and Kaigyoji (the person in charge of miscellaneous tasks). This exam was so strict that it is said that no one has ever passed all 10 questions in the past, but in later generations, the exam has been completely formalized by memorizing the arguments and the like, and the recitation of the words has been given a certain melody. Examples include the Enryakuji Rokugatsukai, Hasedera Denpo Taikai, and Todaiji Hokokai.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

僧侶の実力を検定するために諸宗諸大寺で行われた論議問答。現在はおもに住職の資格や階位昇進を目的とする。竪義者 (受験者) ，探題 (仏教諸学に関する 10問を選んで竪義者に課し，最終的な決定を下す最高責任者) ，問者 (種々の質問を出す者) ，精義 (竪義者の解答の可否を判断する者) ，注記 (記録者) ，会行事 (雑務係) の諸役が一堂に会して執行する。 10題すべてに及第した者は古来皆無といわれるほどこの試験は厳重であったが，後世は，その論目などを暗誦して，完全に形式化し，詞章の朗誦には一定の曲節をつける。延暦寺六月会，長谷寺伝法大会，東大寺方広会などがある。

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