Born March 29, 1867 in Gilmore, Ohio
[Died] November 4, 1955. Newcomerstown, Ohio. American professional baseball player. Real name Denton True Young. A great right-handed pitcher who holds the record for the most wins in the history of the major leagues. There are several theories about his career record, but it is said that he won 509 or 511 games and lost 313, 315, or 316 games. He had 16 seasons with 20 or more wins (14 consecutive seasons from 1891 to 1904), and five of those seasons had 30 or more wins. He also had records of 816 (or 818) starts, 750 (or 751) complete games, and 7,356 (or 7,377) innings pitched. Taking advantage of his blessed physique of 188 cm tall and 95 kg, he played in the major leagues for 22 years from 1890 to 1911. He played for the Cleveland Spiders from 1890 to 1898, the St. Louis Cardinals from 1899 to 1901, the Boston Red Sox from 1901 to 1908, the Cleveland Indians from 1909 to 1911, and the Boston Braves in 1911. He pitched no-hitters in 1897 and 1908, and pitched a perfect game against the Philadelphia Athletics in 1904 while playing for the Red Sox. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. In 1956, the Cy Young Award was created to honor his achievements and is given to the best pitcher of each season (since 1967, one from each league). Young
Young, Michael W. Born: March 28, 1949. Geneticist from Miami, Florida, USA. Full name: Michael Warren Young. Received a bachelor's degree in biology from the University of Texas at Austin in 1971 and a doctorate in genetics in 1975. Served as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University from 1975 to 1977, and worked as an assistant professor at Rockefeller University, becoming a professor in 1988. In 1984, he succeeded in identifying the clock gene period , which controls the biological clock of Drosophila melanogaster, and found that the protein PER produced by period accumulates in cells at night and breaks down during the day. At almost the same time, the group of Jeffrey C. Hall and Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University also succeeded in identifying period . In 1995, he discovered another clock gene, timeless , and clarified the mechanism of the "transcription-translation negative feedback loop" that generates a rhythm with a period of approximately 24 hours (circadian rhythm) by binding the protein TIM produced by timeless to the protein PER produced by period , which suppresses the transcription of clock genes. In 2017, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (→Nobel Prize) along with Hall and Rosbash for "the discovery of the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms." He is also the recipient of the Gruber Prize in 2009 (shared with Hall and Rosbash), the Gairdner International Award in 2012 (shared with Hall and Rosbash), and other awards. He was appointed member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2007. Young
Young, Thomas Born June 13, 1773, Milverton
[Died] May 10, 1829. London. British physician, physicist, and archaeologist. He studied classical languages, ancient Oriental languages, mathematics, and natural sciences at the University of London and the University of Edinburgh before switching to medicine. In 1793, while a student at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, he anatomically confirmed the existence of muscles that adjust the eyeball depending on the object being viewed, and in 1794, this achievement led to him being recommended as a member of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1796, he entered the University of Göttingen in Germany, where he studied medicine and German literature, and opened a practice in London from 1799 to 1814. He was professor of natural philosophy at the Royal Institute of Science from 1801 to 1803, and secretary of foreign affairs of the Royal Society from 1802 to 1829. In the field of physics, he gave a scientific meaning to the word "energy," discovered the principle of interference of light, and proposed the wave theory of light before Augustin-Jean Fresnel. He introduced Young's modulus as one of the moduli of elasticity (→Elasticity coefficient), for which he left his name (→Young's interference experiment). Regarding the physiology of the eye, he pointed out the cause of astigmatism in 1801, and established the original theory of the trichromatic theory of color vision. He was also a distinguished Egyptologist, and was one of the first to successfully decipher hieroglyphics on papyrus and the Rosetta Stone. Young
Young, John W. Born: September 24, 1930, San Francisco, California
[Died] January 5, 2018. American astronaut from Houston, Texas. Full name John Watts Young. After graduating from Georgia Institute of Technology, he joined the Navy and became a test pilot. He was selected as one of the second class of astronauts in 1962, and in March 1965, he orbited the Earth three times on Gemini 3 with Virgil I. Grissom (Gus Grissom). In July 1966, on Gemini 10, he and Michael Collins performed the first docking with the Agena satellite, and returned after 43 orbits of the Earth. In May 1969, he headed to the Moon on Apollo 10 with Thomas P. Stafford and Eugene A. Cernan, and successfully separated and docked with the Lunar Module in lunar orbit. Then, on April 20, 1972, Apollo 16, the fifth manned moon landing, was completed. He served as the commander along with astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Charles M. Duke. He landed on the moon himself, carried out three surveys in a lunar rover, and returned with over 95 kg of lunar material, including rocks. (→Project Gemini, Project Apollo) Young
Young, Edward [Raw] 1683.7.3.〈Baptism〉 Apam
[Died] April 5, 1765. Welwyn. English poet. Studied at Oxford University and entered the priesthood. His witty satire The Universal Passion; The Love of Fame (1725-28) was highly praised when it was published, but today Young's fame rests on The Complaint: or, Night Thoughts (1742-45). Written after the death of his wife, this was a didactic poem consisting of 10,000 lines of blank verse in nine volumes. It sang meditations on the vicissitudes of life, death, and the immortality of the soul, and it sparked the popularity of the Grave School. His important Conjectures on Original Composition (1759) was an argument for the nature of artistic genius. Young
Young, Kimball Born October 26, 1893 in Provo, Utah
[Died] 1973
American social psychologist. He received his master's degree from the University of Chicago and his doctorate from Stanford University, and after serving as a professor at the University of Wisconsin and Queens College, he became chairman of the sociology department at Northwestern University. He worked to systematize a wide range of sociology, and believed that sociology is about grasping personality, groups (interactions), and culture as a whole. He also turned his attention to mass behavior in modern mass society and attempted to analyze it from a social psychological perspective. His main works include Social Psychology (1930, revised edition, 56), Personality and Problems of Adjustment (40), and Handbook of Social Psychology (46, revised edition, 54). Young
Young, Robert [Birth] 1657
[Died] 1700
English conman. Born in Ireland. Around 1680, he forged a certificate to become a clergyman, but was imprisoned soon after for bigamy. After his release, he wrote letters to wealthy clergymen in the handwriting of Archbishop of Canterbury William Sancroft, defrauding them of large sums of money. His conspiracy was discovered and he was imprisoned in Newgate Prison in 1690. While in prison, he fabricated a conspiracy to restore James II to the throne, and after his release, he created a conspiracy document with forged signatures of the Duke of Marlborough, Viscount Cornbury of the Hyde family, Sancroft, and Thomas Spratt, Bishop of Rochester, and reported it to the authorities. Marlborough and others were temporarily imprisoned or detained, but when the forgery was discovered, Young was imprisoned again. He escaped in 1698, but was arrested and executed for making counterfeit money. Young
Young, Lester Willis Born: August 27, 1909 in Woodville, Mississippi
[Died] March 15, 1959. New York American jazz tenor saxophonist. As the son of a black musician, he played drums in his family band from the age of 10 and toured the New Orleans area. At the age of 13, he switched to the saxophone. Five years later, he went independent and joined King Oliver's band, among others, and gained fame in Kansas City. From 1935 to 1944, he joined Count Basie's band and became a star player. Known for his elastic, technical playing with dramatic pauses, he revolutionized jazz as aural music and influenced future generations of jazz saxophonists. Young
Young, Pauline Vislick Born: 1896
[Died] January 27, 1977. Modesto, California. Polish-born American sociologist. Influenced by RE Park, he engaged in urban case studies and later became recognized as an expert in social research. His methodology of interviews and data collection in case studies is highly regarded. He also published excellent research on delinquency, crime, labor issues, unemployment, immigration, and other topics. His main works include "Social Treatment in Probation and Delinquency" (1937) and "Scientific Social Surveys and Research" (39). Young
Young, Stark Born October 11, 1881 in Como, Mississippi.
[Died] January 6, 1963. New York. American theater critic. After teaching at the University of Texas and other institutions, he wrote theater reviews for Theater Arts (1921-40), The New Republic (22-47), and The New York Times (24-25). He was also known as a translator of Chekhov's plays, including Three Sisters. His major works include the collection of theater reviews Immortal Shadows (1948) and The Theatre (54). Young
Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 in Whitingham, Vermont
Died: August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City. American Mormon Church leader. Converted to Mormonism in 1832, was chosen as one of the Twelve Apostles in 1835, and became leader after the death of founder J. Smith. He carried out missionary work based in Salt Lake City, established an independent state in Utah, and was in conflict with the federal government (1849), but succumbed to military oppression and thereafter devoted himself to church work. He was a polygamist and had 12 wives. Young
Young, Francis Brett Born June 29, 1884 at Halesowen, Worcestershire
[Died] March 28, 1954, Cape Town. British novelist and poet. Served as a ship's surgeon in the Far East, and served as a military doctor in East Africa during World War I. His major works include Portrait of Claire (1927), The City of Gold (39), set in South Africa, and The Island (44), a long poem surveying British history. Young
Young, Andrew Born: April 29, 1885 in Elgin
[Died] November 25, 1971.
British poet and wildflower researcher. Studied at the University of Edinburgh. His first collection of poems was Songs of Night (1910). He was recognized as a nature poet, and published Collected Poems (60), a collection of nature lyric poems, as well as the long poem Into Hades (52). Young
Young, Arthur Born: September 11, 1741, London
[Died] April 20, 1820, London. British agronomist and promoter of the agricultural revolution. He published books that systematically compiled observations and records of agricultural conditions both at home and abroad. He studied agricultural management and worked to improve agricultural techniques and promote large-scale farm management. He edited and published the Annals of Agriculture from 1784 to 1809. Young
Young A town in the southeastern interior of New South Wales, Australia, 160km northwest of Canberra. It has a history of gold rush and is known for anti-Chinese riots at that time. It is a distribution and processing center for wheat and fruit on the southern western slope of the Great Dividing Range. Population 6797 (1986). Young
Yonge, Charlotte Mary [Born] 1823
[Died] 1901
She was a British woman writer who was influenced by Keble and worked to popularize the Oxford Movement. She wrote over 160 books, including her breakthrough work, The Heir of Redclyffe (1853). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
