Morley, Thomas

Japanese: モーリー(英語表記)Morley, Thomas
Morley, Thomas
Born: 1557/1558, London
[died] 1603. London. English composer, organist, and musical theorist. A pupil of W. Bird. After graduating from Oxford University, he became organist at St. Paul's Cathedral in 1591. In 1592 he served at the Chapel Royal, and in 1598 he obtained the exclusive rights to publish music, publishing many of his own compositions as well as those of his contemporaries. He is said to be the greatest English madrigal composer, and has many works including madrigals, canzonettas, and barrettes. In 1601 he edited a collection of madrigals by 24 composers, entitled The Triumph of Oriana, in praise of Queen Elizabeth I. He also wrote A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practical Musicke (1597), the first comprehensive book on composition theory in England.

Molly
Maury, Jean Siffrein

[Born] June 26, 1746. Vaucluse, Valaire
Died May 11, 1817. Rome. French clergyman. Recognized for his eloquence in speeches praising saints and clergy, he was made a member of the Académie Française in 1785. In 1789, he became a member of the Three Estates. When the French Revolution broke out, he remained in France as a defender of absolute monarchy, and in the Constituent National Assembly, he vigorously opposed the confiscation of church property, the "Civil Constitutions of the Clergy," and the establishment of civil equality for Jews. In 1892, he was called by Pope Pius VII to flee to Rome, and in 1894 he became a cardinal and later the ambassador to the Papal States of the Count of Provence (later King Louis XVIII). He returned to Paris (1806) to celebrate the accession of Napoleon I, and was appointed Archbishop of Paris (10), but the Pope refused to ordain him. He fled to Rome with the restoration of the monarchy, and eventually reconciled with the Pope.

Molly
Maury, Matthew Fontaine

Born January 14, 1806 in Spotsylvania, Virginia
[Died] February 1, 1873. Lexington, Virginia. American naval officer, oceanographer, and geographer. Joined the navy in 1825, and after being wounded in 1839, was transferred to shore duty and worked in the Naval Hydrographic Service. He conducted statistical surveys of wind direction, wind speed, and ocean currents at sea, the results of which were of great benefit to navigators around the world. In 1855, he produced the world's first ocean depth chart. At the International Congress in Brussels in 1853, he proposed and won approval for regular maritime weather observations by sailing ships. He fought for the Confederate Army in the American Civil War, and later became a professor of meteorology at Virginia Military College (1868-1873). His main work is The Physical Geography of the Sea (85).

Molly
Morley, Christopher (Darlington)

Born May 5, 1890 in Haverford, Pennsylvania
[Died] March 28, 1957. Roslyn Heights, New York. American poet and novelist. Graduated from Haverford College. After editing various newspapers and magazines, he founded Saturday Review of Literature in 1924. He continued to edit the magazine until 1941, while publishing poems, novels, plays, and essays. His representative novels include Parnassus on Wheels (1917), a book about a travelling bookshop, its sequel The Haunted Bookshop (19), and the love story Kitty Foyle (39).

Molly
Morley, Edward Williams

Born January 29, 1838 in Newark, New Jersey.
Died: February 24, 1923. American chemist from West Hartford, Connecticut. He studied at a seminary and aspired to become a minister, but his spare time research in chemistry led to his appointment as professor at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in 1869. He worked on precise measurements of the mass ratio of oxygen to hydrogen. In 1887, together with Albert A. Michelson, he conducted the Michelson-Morley experiment, which ultimately disproved the existence of ether as a medium for electromagnetic waves.

Molly
Morley, John, Viscount Morley

Born: 24 December 1838, Blackburn, Lancashire
[Died] September 23, 1923, Wimbledon British biographer and politician. During his term as Secretary of State for India (1905-10), he was active in politics, including carrying out the Morley-Minto Reforms, and was also active as a writer. He wrote biographies of Voltaire, J.-J. Rousseau, E. Burke, R. Cobden, and O. Cromwell, among others, and his most important work is Life of Gladstone (3 volumes, 03). He was created Viscount in 1908.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1557/1558. ロンドン
[没]1603. ロンドン
イギリスの作曲家,オルガン奏者,音楽理論家。 W.バードの弟子。オックスフォード大学を卒業後,1591年セント・ポール大聖堂のオルガン奏者となった。 92年王室礼拝堂に仕え,98年には音楽出版に関する独占権を得て,自身の曲や同時代の作曲家たちの作品も多く出版した。イギリス最大のマドリガル作曲家といわれ,マドリガル,カンツォネッタ,バレットなど多くの作品がある。 1601年には 24人のマドリガル作曲家によるエリザベス1世をたたえるマドリガル集『オリアナの勝利』を編集した。また著書にイギリスで最初の包括的な作曲に関する理論書『やさしい音楽への手引』A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke (1597) がある。

モーリー
Maury, Jean Siffrein

[生]1746.6.26. ボークルーズ,バルレア
[没]1817.5.11. ローマ
フランスの聖職者。聖者,聖職者をたたえる演説でその雄弁が認められ,1785年アカデミー・フランセーズ会員となった。 89年全国三部会議員。フランス革命が勃発すると,絶対王政の擁護者として国内にとどまり,憲法制定国民議会にあって,教会財産の没収,「僧侶民事基本法」,ユダヤ人の市民的平等の確立に精力的に反対。 92年教皇ピウス7世に呼ばれてローマに逃れ,94年枢機卿,その後プロバンス伯 (のちの国王ルイ 18世) の教皇庁駐在大使となった。ナポレオン1世の即位をたたえて,やがてパリに帰り (1806) ,パリ大司教に任命された (10) が,教皇は彼の叙階を拒否した。王政復古とともにローマに逃れ,やがて教皇とも和解した。

モーリー
Maury, Matthew Fontaine

[生]1806.1.14. バージニア,スポットシルバニア
[没]1873.2.1. バージニア,レキシントン
アメリカの海軍軍人,海洋学者,地理学者。 1825年海軍に入り,39年負傷後陸上勤務となり,海軍水路部に勤務。海洋上の風向,風速および海流の統計調査を行なったが,この成果は世界の航海業者に対して多大の利便を与えた。 55年世界で初めて大洋深度図を作成。 53年ブリュッセル国際会議で航行船舶による定時の海上気象観測を提案,可決された。南北戦争では南軍で戦い,のちバージニア陸軍大学校の気象学教授 (1868~73) となった。主著『海洋地文学』 The Physical Geography of the Sea (85) 。

モーリー
Morley, Christopher (Darlington)

[生]1890.5.5. ペンシルバニア,ハバフォード
[没]1957.3.28. ニューヨーク,ロズリンハイツ
アメリカの詩人,小説家。ハバフォード大学卒業。種々の新聞,雑誌を編集したのち,1924年『サタデー・レビュー』 Saturday Review of Literatureを創刊。 41年まで同誌の編集にあたり,かたわら詩,小説,戯曲,随筆などを発表。代表的小説に,読書人を扱った『巡回文庫』 Parnassus on Wheels (1917) ,その続編『幽霊の出る古本屋』 The Haunted Bookshop (19) ,恋愛物語『キティ・フォイル』 Kitty Foyle (39) がある。

モーリー
Morley, Edward Williams

[生]1838.1.29. ニュージャージー,ニューアーク
[没]1923.2.24. コネティカット,ウェストハートフォード
アメリカ合衆国の化学者。神学校に学び牧師を志したが,余暇に研究していた化学方面の仕事が認められ,1869年オハイオ州クリーブランドのウェスタン・リザーブ大学教授となった。酸素と水素の質量比の精密測定に従事。1887年にアルバート・A.マイケルソンとともに,電磁波の媒質としてのエーテルの存在を結果的には否定することになったマイケルソン=モーリーの実験を行なった。

モーリー
Morley, John, Viscount Morley

[生]1838.12.24. ランカシャー,ブラックバーン
[没]1923.9.23. ウィンブルドン
イギリスの伝記作家,政治家。インド担当国務大臣在任中 (1905~10) ,「モーリー=ミントー改革」を行うなど,政界で活躍して枢要な地位を占めるかたわら,文筆活動を行なった。ボルテール,J.-J.ルソー,E.バーク,R.コブデン,O.クロムウェルらの伝記を書いたが,なかでも『グラッドストン伝』 Life of Gladstone (3巻,03) が重要。 1908年子爵を叙爵。

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