Monilia disease

Japanese: モニリア病 - もにりあびょう
Monilia disease

This disease of apples is caused by Monilinia mali , a type of mold belonging to the ascomycete fungus. The symptoms are called different names depending on the part of the plant that is affected. When new leaves are affected, they turn brown and rot (leaf rot), and disease spots develop from the petiole to the base of the flower, causing browning and flower rot. In addition, during flowering, spores of the pathogen attach to the stigma of the flower and invade, causing the young fruit to rot (fruit rot). Until around 1963, this disease occurred throughout apple-growing areas in Hokkaido and the northern Tohoku region, and when it spread, it was a major disease that affected the apple crop of the year because it caused a sharp drop in the harvest. However, diclofenac and thiuram proved to be highly effective against leaf rot, and its use has led to a decrease in its occurrence. Currently, it only occurs locally in areas where the snow cover period is more than 100 days. For control, since the registration of diclofenac and thiuram has expired, fluoroimide, vinclozolin, and procymidone are sprayed instead. The name of the disease, Monilia disease, comes from the scientific name (genus name) of the imperfect stage of the pathogen, Monilia .

[Toshihiro Kajiwara]

[Reference] | Apple

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

リンゴの病気で、病原はカビの一種で子嚢(しのう)菌に属するモニリニア・マリMonilinia maliである。発病する部位によって症状の呼び方が異なる。新葉が侵されると褐色になって腐敗し(葉腐れ)、葉柄から花の基部に病斑(びょうはん)が進展し褐変し花腐れをおこす。また、開花中に病原菌の胞子が花の柱頭に付着して侵入し幼果が腐敗する(実腐れ)。1963年(昭和38)ごろまでは、北海道や東北地方北部のリンゴ栽培地全域に発生し、流行すると収穫が激減するため、その年のリンゴの作柄を左右する重要な病害であったが、ジクロン・チウラム剤が葉腐れに卓効を示し、その使用とともに発生が少なくなった。現在では根雪期間が100日以上の所で局地的に多発する程度になっている。防除は、現在ジクロン・チウラム剤は登録が失効となっているため、これにかわる薬剤として、フルオルイミド剤、ビンクロゾリン剤、プロシミドン剤を散布して行っている。なお、モニリア病の病名は、病原菌の不完全世代の学名(属名)モニリアMoniliaに由来している。

[梶原敏宏]

[参照項目] | リンゴ

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