A modern Egyptian dynasty founded by Muhammad Ali. 1805-1953. Also known as the Mehmed Ali dynasty. Its official form of government was a province of the Ottoman Empire (ruler's official name was wāli, after 1867 Khedīu), a British protectorate (British sultan) from 1914 to 1922, and a kingdom (British malik) since 1922. The signing of the Treaty of London in 1840 paved the way for Muhammad Ali's family to assume the position of hereditary governor of Egypt, which also meant the abandonment of Muhammad Ali's policy of monopolizing domestic industry and the opening of the Egyptian domestic market to Western capitalism. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ムハンマド・アリーを開祖とする近代エジプトの王朝。1805‐1953年。メフメト・アリー朝ともいう。その公式な政体は,1914年まではオスマン帝国の属州(統治者の正式名称はワーリーwālī,1867年以後ヘディーウ),1914年から22年まではイギリス保護国(同,スルタン),そして22年以降は王国(同,マリク)。 1840年のロンドン四ヵ国条約締結は,ムハンマド・アリー一族によるエジプト総督の世襲化の道を開いたが,このことは同時に,ムハンマド・アリーによる国内産業独占政策の放棄と,西欧資本主義に対するエジプト国内市場の開放をも意味した。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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