Minamoto no Shitagou

A poet and Chinese scholar from the mid-Heian period. He was the son of the Saga Genji clan. At the age of 43, he was promoted from student to scholar of literature, and served as Kageyu no Judge, Minbu no Daijo, Izumi no Kami, and other positions before becoming Noto no Kami. He excelled in Japanese and Chinese literature, and during the Johei era (931-938) he compiled the Wamyō Ruijūshō. In 951 (Tenryaku 5), he became one of the five Nashitsubo members and served as a member of the Sen Wakadokoro (Public Poetry Office), where he compiled the Gosen Wakashu and interpreted the Manyoshu. In poems and songs such as "Uta no Uta" (Song of the Tailless Cow) and "Yako no Toneri Torikai no Yuusanka" (Song of the Night-Traveling Toneri Torikai Yuusanka), he complained about his dissatisfaction with stagnation in his official position, and complained about the misfortune of losing his parents, siblings, and children. On the other hand, he participated in poetry contests and poetry contests, and was often invited to write poems by nobles. He also wrote many playful works, such as "Umanoke no Awaze" (Song of the Heavens and Earth), in which he included the name of horse hair and added it to his tenth poem, "Uta no Awaze" (Song of the Heavens and Earth), and "Uta no Sugorokuban (Song of the Backgammon Board)". His expressions are simple, but have a strong element of wordplay. Due to his diverse talents and realistic tendencies, he is also likened to the author of "Ochikubo Monogatari" and "Utsubo Monogatari". He is one of the Thirty-six Immortal Poets, and has a family anthology, "Minamoto Junshu," and his poems and prose are collected in "Honcho Bunsui" and "Fusoshu." He also appears to have written "Sakumon Daitai" and "Shinsen Shi Zuiunou."

[Juro Sugiya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安中期の歌人、漢学者。嵯峨(さが)源氏、挙(こぞる)の息。43歳にして初めて学生(がくしょう)から文章生(もんじょうのしょう)となり、勘解由判官(かげゆのじょう)、民部大丞(みんぶのだいじょう)、和泉守(いずみのかみ)などを経て能登(のと)守に至る。和漢の才に優れ、承平(じょうへい)年中（931～938）に『倭名類聚抄(わみょうるいじゅしょう)』を撰進(せんしん)、951年（天暦5）梨壺(なしつぼ)の五人の1人として撰和歌所寄人(よりゅうど)となって『後撰(ごせん)和歌集』を撰し、『万葉集』を読解した。「無尾牛歌」「夜行舎人鳥養有三歌(やこうのとねりとりかいのゆうさんか)」などの詩文、あるいは歌に官位停滞の不満を訴え、父母兄子の亡失に不遇をかこつ一方、歌合(うたあわせ)、詩合(しあわせ)へ出詠し、貴権に多く詩歌を召された。また、馬の毛の名を詠み込んで十番につがえた『源順馬毛名合(うまのけのなあわせ)』、「天地(あめつち)の歌」「双六盤(すごろくばん)の歌」のような遊戯的作品も多い。その表現は平淡ながら、ことば遊び的な要素が強い。その多彩な才能、現実的な性向から、『落窪(おちくぼ)物語』『うつほ物語』の作者に擬せられもする。三十六歌仙の1人で、家集『源順集』があり、詩文は『本朝文粋(もんずい)』『扶桑(ふそう)集』などに収められている。また『作文大体』『新撰詩髄脳』の著があったようである。

［杉谷寿郎］

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