Poe, Edgar Allan

Japanese: ポー（英語表記）Poe， Edgar Allan

Born January 19, 1809 in Boston
[Died] October 7, 1849, Baltimore, Maryland American poet, novelist, and critic. Born the son of a traveling actor, he lost his parents at an early age and was adopted by J. Allan, a wealthy tobacco merchant in Richmond. He spent his childhood in England and enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826, but dropped out due to a disagreement with his adoptive father. After running away from home, he briefly attended a military academy and published a collection of poems, Tamerlane (1827), Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems (29), and Poems (31), but none of them were recognized. He then took refuge with his aunt, and in his poverty he wrote short stories, and his MS. Found in a Bottle (32) won a novella prize. He worked as an editor for the literary magazine Southern Literary Messenger, and in 1936 married his 13-year-old cousin. He was involved in various magazines, but his relationships did not last long due to his drinking habits and his scathing writing style. In 1938, he published his only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, and in 1939, he published Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, a two-volume collection of 25 stories, including Berenice (1935), Ligeia (1938), William Wilson (1939), and The Fall of the House of Usher (1939), which are gothic-style horror stories with themes of love, self-division, and pathological psychology. In 1945, he published The Raven and Other Poems, a collection of poems, The Murders in the Rue Morgue (41), said to be the world's first detective novel, and Tales, including Black Cat (43), which deals with abnormal psychology. He reached the peak of his creative career. However, after his wife died of tuberculosis in 1947, his life became desolate, and he became obsessed with alcohol and women's love. He was found collapsed on the street and died unconscious. His other works include the philosophical prose poem Eureka (48), The Philosophy of Composition (46), which analyzes the creative process of his own poems, The Poetic Principle (48-49), an excellent theory of poetry, and Marginalia (44-49), a collection of criticisms. Poe, in both poetry and fiction, aimed to create beauty and advocated short, musical forms to achieve a single effect. During his lifetime and for some time after his death, he was not very highly regarded in the UK or the US, but he was recognized by the French Symbolists, including Baudelaire.

Poe
Pau

It is the capital of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. It is located on a terrace on the right bank of the Ghave-de-Pau River in the Béarn region at the northern foot of the Pyrenees. The castle built in the 12th or 13th century became the residence of the kings of Navarre from 1512 onwards, and Henry IV was born here (now a museum with an excellent collection of Gobelin tapestries). The city's mild climate makes it a famous summer and winter resort, and a place to enjoy the views of the Pyrenees. After World War II, a large gas field was discovered in Lac in the northwest, and industrialization progressed. The city is well known for the manufacture of special steel, ready-made clothes, shoes, sandals, and wool spinning. Population 83,928 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1809.1.19. ボストン
[没]1849.10.7. メリーランド，ボルティモア
アメリカの詩人，小説家，批評家。旅役者の子として生れたが，早くに両親を失い，リッチモンドの富裕なたばこ商人 J.アランの養子となる。少年時代をイギリスで過し，1826年バージニア大学に入学するが，養父との不和により中退。出奔ののち，一時士官学校に入ったりしながら，詩集『タマレーン』 Tamerlane (1827) ，『アル・アーラーフ，タマレーン』 Al Aaraaf，Tamerlane，and Minor Poems (29) ，『詩集』 Poems (31) を出版するが，まったく認められなかった。その後叔母のところに身を寄せ，貧窮のうちに短編小説を書き，『瓶の中の手稿』 MS. Found in a Bottle (32) が懸賞小説に当選。文芸誌『サザン・リテラリー・メッセンジャー』 Southern Literary Messengerの編集にたずさわり，36年には 13歳の従妹と結婚，各種雑誌に関係するが，飲酒癖と痛烈な筆鋒のため長続きはしなかった。 38年に唯一の長編『アーサー・ゴードン・ピムの物語』 The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pymを出し，39年には愛，自己分裂，病的心理などを主題とするゴシック風怪奇小説，「ベリナイシー」 Berenice (35) ，「リジーア」 Ligeia (38) ，「ウィリアム・ウィルソン」 William Wilson (39) ，「アッシャー家の崩壊」 The Fall of the House of Usher (39) など 25編を集めた『グロテスクとアラベスクなものの物語』 Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque2巻を発表。さらに 45年には詩集『大鴉その他』 The Raven and Other Poemsと，世界最初の推理小説といわれる「モルグ街の殺人」 The Murders in the Rue Morgue (41) ，異常心理を扱った「黒猫」 Black Cat (43) などを含む『物語集』 Talesが出版され，創作上の最盛期を迎えた。しかし，47年に妻を結核で失うと生活はすさんだものとなり，酒と女性の愛を狂ったように求め，路上で行倒れになっているところを発見され，意識不明のまま死亡した。ほかに哲学的散文詩『ユリーカ』 Eureka (48) や自作の詩の創作過程を分析した『構成の哲学』 The Philosophy of Composition (46) ，すぐれた詩論『詩の原理』 The Poetic Principle (48～49) ，批評集『マージナリア』 Marginalia (44～49) など。ポーは，詩においても小説においても，美の創造を目的とし，単一の効果をもたらすために，短く，音楽的な形式を主張した。生前および没後しばらくは，英米での評価はあまり高くなく，ボードレールをはじめとするフランス象徴派によって認められた。

ポー
Pau

フランス南西部，ピレネーザトランティク県の県都。ピレネー山脈北麓ベアルン地方，ガーブドポー川右岸の段丘上に位置する。 12～13世紀に建設された城は 1512年以降ナバール王の居城となり，アンリ4世もここで生れた (現在はゴブラン織のすぐれた収集をもつ博物館) 。気候温暖で避暑・避寒地，ピレネーの展望地として有名。第2次世界大戦後北西のラックで大ガス田が発見され，工業化が進展。特殊鋼，既製服，靴，サンダルなどの製造，羊毛紡績が盛ん。人口8万 3928 (1990) 。

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