The capital of the Republic of the Congo in central-western Africa. It is located on the right bank of the downstream Stanley Pool (lake area) of the Congo River (Zaire River), facing Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) on the opposite bank. It has a population of 1,187,000 (estimated as of 1999), about 40% of the country's population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the Congo, and is also an important river port city at the junction of inland waterways and roads and railways to the Atlantic coast. It was named after the French explorer de Brazza, who built it in 1880, and it flourished as a base for France's inland advance. In 1910, when French Equatorial Africa, a union of colonies such as the Congo, Central Africa, and Gabon, was formed, it was designated as its capital. The Congo River is not navigable downstream from Brazzaville due to the rapids, but in 1934, a railway was completed connecting it to Pointe Noire on the Atlantic coast. Meanwhile, water transport to Central Africa and Chad was also opened up using the Congo River and its tributary, the Ubangi River, and Brazzaville developed as a transit trade base. After 60 years of independence, Brazzaville has undergone rapid urban development in recent years, with its population increasing more than six-fold in just 30 years from 145,000 in 1964. Most of the residents are Bakongo and local Teke people, but there are also many immigrants from all over the country. In addition to the official language, French, Lingala, Kongo and Larry are spoken. There are factories producing textiles, paper, beer, flour, soap and tobacco. Marianne N'Guabi University, founded in 1972, is also located here. [Ken Akasaka] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフリカ中西部、コンゴ共和国の首都。コンゴ川(ザイール川)のスタンリー・プール(湖沼地帯)下流右岸に位置し、対岸のコンゴ民主共和国(旧ザイール)の首都キンシャサと向かい合う。人口118万7000(1999推計)で、同国の人口の約40%が集中する。コンゴの政治、経済、文化の中心地で、内陸水運と大西洋岸への道路、鉄道との接続点にある重要な河港都市でもある。1880年にフランスの探検家ド・ブラザによって建設されたのでこの名があり、フランスの内陸進出の基地として栄えた。1910年、コンゴ、中央アフリカ、ガボンなどの植民地の連合体、フランス領赤道アフリカが形成されると、その首都に定められた。コンゴ川はブラザビルより下流部では急流のため航行できないが、34年、大西洋岸のポアント・ノアールとを結ぶ鉄道が完成した。一方、コンゴ川と支流のウバンギ川を利用して中央アフリカ、チャド方面に至る水運も開かれて、ブラザビルは中継貿易の基地として発展した。60年の独立を経て、近年のブラザビルの都市発達は急速で、64年に14万5000だった人口は約30年間で6倍以上に増加した。住民は、バコンゴ人や地元のテケ人が多いが、全国からの流入者も多い。言語は公用語のフランス語のほか、リンガラ語、コンゴ語、ラリー語が話される。繊維、製紙、ビール醸造、製粉、せっけん、たばこなどの工場がある。1972年創立のマリアン・ヌグアビ大学も所在する。 [赤阪 賢] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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