Photogram - Fotogramm (English spelling) German

Japanese: フォトグラム - ふぉとぐらむ(英語表記)Fotogramm ドイツ語
Photogram - Fotogramm (English spelling) German

A special photographic technique that creates photographic prints without using a camera. Small objects or stencils are placed on photographic paper in a darkroom, and when it is exposed to light and developed, the shadows of the objects appear as white patterns. The inventor of this technique was the Hungarian-born Bauhaus model artist Moholy-Nagy, who used the technique from around 1922 and named it photogram. Man Ray, a surrealist active in France, also used a similar technique around the same time, but he named it rayographe after himself. Furthermore, Iwata Nakayama, who was in Paris, also produced works using the same technique. This technique was introduced to Japan in the early Showa period, and the painter Ei-Kyu produced many photograms around 1935 (Showa 10), calling it "photo-dessin." A similar technique is pendulum photography, in which a point light source is moved in the dark and drawn on photographic paper.

[Osamu Hiraki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カメラを使わずに写真印画をつくる写真の特殊技法。暗室の中で印画紙上に小物や型紙を配し、その上から露光し、現像すると、物体の影になった部分が白く絵柄となって現れる。この作画技法の考案者は、ハンガリー出身でバウハウスの造型作家モホリ・ナギで、1922年ごろから同技法を用いており、フォトグラムの名称も彼の命名による。またフランスで活躍したシュルレアリストのマン・レイも、同じころに同様の技法を用いているが、彼は自らの名にちなみレイヨグラフrayographeと命名していた。さらにパリにいた中山岩太(いわた)も同種の技法で制作している。この技法が日本に紹介されたのは昭和初期で、画家の瑛九(えいきゅう)は1935年(昭和10)前後に「フォト・デッサン」と称し、多くのフォトグラムを制作した。なお類似した技法として、暗黒中で点光源を移動させ印画紙に描くペンジュラム・フォトがある。

[平木 収]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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