Poster - Harifuda

Japanese: 張札 - はりふだ

In the early modern period, common people wrote illegal demands and posted them in conspicuous places. While sutso and choso were petitions to feudal lords and government offices, otoshibumi and rakubumi were demands for social reform that included threatening language aimed at wealthy farmers and merchants and village officials. Examples of this include posting fire signs with warnings of arson at the target house or notice board, and these were common in townspeople after the Ansei opening of the ports. The shogunate ignored these signs, just like sutso, and decided to burn them, but fearing the spread of riots and social unrest, strengthened reporting and policing in each town and village, as well as investigations into informants.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

近世に庶民が非合法的要求を記して，人目につきやすい場所に張り出した札。捨訴，張訴が領主や支配役所に対する訴願であるのに対し，張札，落文（おとしぶみ）は豪農商や村役人層に対する脅迫的言辞を伴った世直しの要求である。放火の予告を伴う火札を目的の家や高札場に張り出すなどがその例で，安政の開港以後町方に多くみられた。幕府は捨訴と同様に無視し，焼却することとしていたが，騒擾や社会的不穏の拡大することを警戒し，届出と町村ごとの取締りや密告調査を強化した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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