Born June 16, 1912 in Birmingham
[Died] February 8, 1998, London. British politician. Full name John Enoch Powell. Known for his controversial comments on non-white immigration in Britain and his opposition to joining the European Economic Community (EEC). Born to Welsh parents, who were teachers, Powell studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, and became a professor of Greek at the University of Sydney, Australia, at the age of 25. He served in the British Army during World War II, rising from private to brigadier general. In 1950, he became a Conservative MP, and after serving in several smaller roles, he served as Secretary of State for Health from 1960 to 1963. In 1968, he raised the issue of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Africa, and the West Indies who had flooded Britain and were claiming British citizenship on the basis of their Commonwealth citizenship, denouncing the influx of immigrants as a bloody race war and calling for their voluntary repatriation to their home countries. This speech was later called the "Rivers of Blood Speech," and it led to Powell being expelled from the Shadow Cabinet. He served as an Ulster Unionist Party member of the House of Representatives in Northern Ireland from 1974 until his retirement in 1987. He is the author of numerous books, including histories, such as "Common Market: The Case Against" (1970), "Joseph Chamberlain" (1977), and "A Nation or No Nation?: Six Years in British Politics" (1979). Powell
Powell, Colin Born: April 5, 1937, New York, New York
[Died] October 18, 2021. Bethesda, Maryland. Colin Powell. American soldier and politician. Full name Colin Luther Powell. The first African-American to serve as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989-93) and Secretary of State (2001-05). Born to Jamaican immigrants, he grew up in Harlem and South Bronx, New York. He joined the Reserve Officers Training Course (ROTC) while studying at the City University of New York. In 1958, he enlisted in the Army and served in the Vietnam War twice, from 1962-63 and 1968-69. He then studied at George Washington University in Washington, DC, and in 1972 served as a White House Fellow, assistant to Frank Carlucci, then Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget. After working in a number of positions at the Department of Defense and other institutions, he became Senior Military Advisor to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger in 1983. In 1987, he became deputy secretary to Carlucci (National Security Advisor) on the National Security Council, and at the end of the same year, President Ronald Reagan appointed Powell to succeed Carlucci. In early 1989, he took over Army Forces Command and was promoted to general. In August of the same year, President George H.W. Bush (father) appointed him Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He was popular with the public for his decisive role in the 1989 Panama War and the 1990-1991 Gulf War. He retired in 1993. In 2001, he became Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (son), but failed to seek international support for the 2003 Iraq War, and his speech at the UN Security Council in February of the same year prior to the start of the war was revealed to be based on false information, gradually losing his influence. He announced his intention to resign in November 2004, shortly after Bush's reelection, and was succeeded by Condoleezza Rice in 2005. Powell
Powell, Jerome Born: February 4, 1953 in Washington, DC
American lawyer and investment banker. Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (in office since 2018). He studied at Princeton University and Georgetown University, and worked as a lawyer at a Wall Street investment bank. He served as Under Secretary of the Treasury in the Republican administration of George H.W. Bush from 1990 to 1993, and then became a partner at the investment fund Carlyle Group. He became a member of the FRB Board in 2012. In 2017, he was nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next FRB Chairman, and in February 2018, he became FRB Chairman when Janet Yellen's term expired. This is the first time in about 40 years that a chair who is not an economist has been appointed. In order to smoothly end the extraordinary monetary easing policy implemented by the FRB after the Lehman Shock in 2008, Powell took over the gradual interest rate hikes that Yellen had begun in 2015, and promoted the gradual normalization of monetary policy. Powell
Powell, John Wesley Born March 24, 1834 in Mount Morris, New York.
Died: September 23, 1902. Haven, Maine. American ethnologist and geologist. After serving in the Union Army during the Civil War, he became professor of geology and director of the museum at Wesleyan University in 1865. He began surveying the Rocky Mountains in 1867, and crossed the Grand Canyon in a small boat in 1869. He established the Institute of Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution, and conducted comparative analysis of North American Indian languages. In 1870, he established the National Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountains, and served as director of the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1879 and as director of the Bureau of Geology from 1881 to 1892. His major works include "An Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages" (1877) and "Canyons of Colorado" (1895). Powell
Powell, Anthony (Dymonk) Born: December 21, 1905, London
[Died] March 28, 2000. Somerset British novelist. After publishing his debut novel, Afternoon Men (1931), a satirical work reminiscent of E. Waugh, and other works, he was involved in journalism for a time. His 12-volume series, The Music of Time, which begins with A Question of Upbringing (51) and ends with Hearing Secret Harmonies (75), is a Proust-style epic novel that uses anecdotes to depict the decline of the upper class and bring the era into the light, and is a masterpiece that fully demonstrates the strengths of traditional British novels of manners. Powell
Powell, Cecil Frank Born: December 5, 1903, Tunbridge Wells, Kent
[Died] August 9, 1969. Como, Italy. British experimental physicist. After graduating from Cambridge University and conducting research at the Cavendish Laboratory, he became an assistant professor at the University of Bristol (1928) and a professor at the same university (48). From 1939 to 1945, he developed a highly sensitive photographic film for measuring cosmic rays, and used it to observe cosmic rays from high-altitude observatories in the Andes, Pyrenees, and Alps, as well as from balloons. In 1947, he revealed the existence of the π meson and its fission into the muon and neutrino. For this, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1950. Powell
Powell, Bud Born: September 27, 1924, New York
[Died] August 1, 1966. American jazz pianist. Born into a family of music lovers, he joined an orchestra at the age of 15 and became a leading figure in modern piano in the mid-1940s. However, his health was affected by drugs and he was repeatedly hospitalized. In 1959, he moved to Paris and performed in clubs. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
