A war fought between Bolivia and Paraguay from 1932 to 1935 over the ownership of the Chaco plain in central South America. The Chaco region had been a disputed area between the two countries since their independence in the early 19th century, but after Bolivia lost its Pacific coastline in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884), it began to seek an outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Chaco plain, which led to tensions rising and a provisional border being drawn in 1907. The conflict intensified in the 1920s due to the conflict over the development of oil fields in the region, and in June 1932, full-scale war broke out. Bolivia had the upper hand in the early stages of the war, but in the latter half of 1933, Paraguay went on the offensive, and in June 1935, a ceasefire was reached after the mediation of six South American countries, including Argentina, was accepted. It is said that the death toll on both sides reached 100,000. In the peace treaty of 1938, Paraguay gained a territory approximately 50,000 square kilometers larger than the 1907 border. After the war, dissatisfaction with the military over the conduct of the war grew in both countries, leading to military coups in both countries in 1936. Argentine Foreign Minister Saavedra Lamas, who successfully mediated the situation, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in that same year. [Hiroshi Matsushita] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1932年から35年にかけて、南アメリカ中央部のチャコChaco平原の領有をめぐってボリビアとパラグアイ間で行われた戦争。19世紀初頭の独立以来、チャコ地域は両国間の係争地域となっていたが、太平洋戦争(1879~84)に敗れ太平洋沿岸を喪失したボリビアが、チャコ平原を経由した大西洋への出口を求め始めたことから緊張が高まり、1907年に暫定的な国境線が敷かれた。その後1920年代にこの地方の油田開発をめぐる対立が加味されたために紛争が激化し、32年6月本格的な戦争に突入した。緒戦ではボリビアが優位だったが、33年後半からパラグアイが攻勢に転じ、35年6月アルゼンチンなど南アメリカ六か国の調停を受諾して休戦した。両軍の死者は10万に達したともいわれる。38年の平和条約でパラグアイは1907年の国境線よりも約5万平方キロメートル上回る領土を獲得した。戦後両国では戦争の遂行をめぐって軍部の不満が高まり、36年に両国で軍事クーデターが起こった。調停に成功したアルゼンチンの外相サーベドラ・ラマスは36年ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。 [松下 洋] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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