A synthetic fiber turf made by applying carpet technology. In the United States, after the development of tufting machines (mass production looms), it was first used as a carpet, and in 1956, artificial turf was created using stronger materials. In 1966, it was adopted at the Astrodome indoor baseball stadium in Houston, Texas, and its marketability was highly praised. Developed in Japan in 1968 (Showa 43), it was initially treated as a luxury item, mainly for home use, but after being adopted at Korakuen Baseball Stadium in Tokyo in 1976, it became widespread and is now widely used on tennis courts, ball fields, building rooftops, leisure facilities, and more. There are four types of materials: nylon, polyvinylidene chloride, polypropylene, and polyethylene. Each material is excellent in weather resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, durability, and flame retardancy, and is characterized by its ability to withstand harsh conditions and environments. The standard fiber length is 12 mm for sports use and 8 mm for home use. There are three types: for general construction use, for planting, and for laying. [Nobuhito Teru] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カーペットの技術を応用してつくった合成繊維の芝生。アメリカではタフテッドマシン(量産織機)の開発でカーペットとして誕生後、強力な素材を使うことによって1956年に初めて人工芝がつくられた。66年にテキサス州ヒューストンのアストロドーム屋内球場で採用され、その商品性が高く評価された。 日本では68年(昭和43)に開発され、家庭用を中心に最初は高級品として扱われたが、76年に東京の後楽園球場で採用されてのち普及し、現在ではおもにテニスコート、球技場、ビルの屋上、レジャー施設などで多く使われている。 素材はナイロン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンの4種類で、各素材は耐候性、耐水性、耐薬品性、耐久性、難燃性などに優れ、厳しい条件や環境にも耐えられるのが特徴である。繊維の長さはスポーツ用で12ミリメートル、家庭用で8ミリメートルが標準的な規格である。タイプには一般工事用、植え込み用、置き敷き用の3種類がある。 [能仁 照] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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