A person who has committed a crime voluntarily reports his/her crime before it is discovered by the investigative authorities (Article 42, Paragraph 1 of the Penal Code). This includes cases where the crime has not been discovered at all by the investigative authorities, i.e., judicial police officers or prosecutors, as well as cases where the crime has been discovered but the identity of the perpetrator has not been identified. The method of this report may be done directly or through another person, and may be done in writing or verbally. However, cases where the investigative authorities are unable to determine who has turned themselves in or where a confession is made during questioning by the investigative authorities do not constitute surrender. When a criminal turns himself in, this is generally grounds for a voluntary reduction in the sentence; however, in some cases, surrender is grounds for mandatory exemption or reduction of the sentence (e.g., Articles 80 and 93 of the Penal Code and Article 38, paragraph 3 of the Subversive Activities Prevention Act) or for voluntary reduction (e.g., Article 170 of the Penal Code). [Tetsuro Nawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
罪を犯した者が、捜査機関に発覚する前に、自発的に自己の犯罪事実を申告すること(刑法42条1項)。これには、犯罪事実がまったく捜査機関すなわち司法警察職員または検察官に発覚していない場合のほか、この事実は発覚しているが、その犯人がだれであるかが発覚していない場合も含まれる。この申告の方法については、自ら直接行うか、他人を介するかを問わないし、書面によるか口頭で行うか、のいずれでもよい。ただ、捜査機関にとって、だれが自首したのか確定できない場合や、捜査機関の取調べ中に自白した場合には、自首にはあたらない。 犯人が自首した場合には、一般に刑の任意的減軽事由にあたるが、刑法各則においては、自首が刑の必要的な免除または減免事由とされたり(刑法80条・93条、破壊活動防止法38条3項など)、任意的減免事由とされること(刑法170条など)もある。 [名和鐵郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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