Shionoya Toin

A Confucian scholar of the late Edo period. Born on April 17, 1812, under Mount Atago in Edo. His given name was Sehiro, and his pen name was Kikō. He was commonly known as Kōzō, Tōin, or Kurikaen. At the age of 16, he entered Shōheiko and studied under Matsuzaki Kōdō. Yasui Sokuken was also a student of his. On Kōdō's recommendation, he served Mizuno Tadakuni, Lord of Hamamatsu, and when Tadakuni became a senior councilor, he assisted him greatly as an advisor. Later, he became a Confucian scholar for the shogunate, and requested to revise history to clarify the political achievements of the ancestors, which was granted, but he had an abortion due to illness. He died in his private residence on August 28, 1867. His grave is at Tennoji Temple in Yanaka, Tokyo. Toin's learning did not strictly adhere to Song learning, but also placed importance on the interpretations and verifications of the Han and Tang dynasties, and showed an academic style that sought to ensure the accuracy of commentaries. He was also an excellent writer, and was praised as "Toin is my Ouyang clan." As a Confucian scholar, he was skilled in spearmanship and also mastered the mysteries of military strategy. At the end of the Edo period, he wrote a petition stating the need for coastal defense, and wrote works such as "Chukai Shigi" (1846) and "Afuyou Ibun" (1847). He also wrote many other works, including the Heiteikeikairoku (Records of the Precepts of Hei Ting), Kakkaron (1859), Shodaiki (Records of the Showa Era) (1879), Yangguangroku (Records of the Yangguang Dynasty), Taoyin Zongao (Records of the Tang Dynasty) (1870), and Taoyin Zhongao (Records of the Tang Dynasty).

[Shoichi Watanabe May 19, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸後期の儒学者。文化(ぶんか)6年4月17日、江戸愛宕山(あたごやま)下に生まれる。名は世弘、字(あざな)は毅侯(きこう)、通称甲蔵、宕陰また九里香園と号す。16歳のとき昌平黌(しょうへいこう)入学、松崎慊堂(まつざきこうどう)に師事する。安井息軒(やすいそくけん)は同門である。慊堂の推挙で浜松侯水野忠邦(みずのただくに)に仕え、忠邦が老中となるや、顧問として大いに補佐するところがあった。のち幕府の儒官となり、列祖の政績を明らかにする修史のことを願って許されたが、病のため中絶した。慶応(けいおう)3年8月28日私邸に没す。墓は東京・谷中(やなか)天王寺。宕陰の学は、宋学(そうがく)を墨守せず、あわせて漢唐の訓詁(くんこ)考証を重んじ、注疏(ちゅうそ)の精確を期する学風を示した。また文章に優れ、「宕陰は我が欧陽氏なり」と称揚された。儒者にして槍技(そうぎ)をよくし、兵法の奥義をも窮めた。幕末には上書して海防の必要を述べ、『籌海私議(ちゅうかいしぎ)』（1846）『阿芙蓉彙聞(あふよういぶん)』（1847成立）などを著す。著書はそのほか『丙丁炯戒録(へいていけいかいろく)』『隔靴(かっか)論』（1859）『昭代記』（1879）『揚光録』『宕陰存稿』（1870）『宕陰賸稿(ようこう)』など多数に上る。

［渡部正一　2016年5月19日］

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