Nitric oxide - Nitrogen oxide

Japanese: 酸化窒素 - さんかちっそ(英語表記)nitrogen oxide
Nitric oxide - Nitrogen oxide

A general term for oxides of nitrogen, with compounds with oxidation numbers I to V being known, but the term generally refers to nitric oxide (NO). In environmental terms, nitrogen oxides often refers to the so-called NOx, a mixture of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.

Nitrogen monoxide is obtained by the reaction of nitrite with hydroiodic acid. In industry, it is obtained by the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst. It is also produced in the presence of high-temperature combustion in the air, and is found in the exhaust gas from factory chimneys and the combustion exhaust gas from automobiles and other internal combustion engines. It is also produced by electrical discharge in the atmosphere. It is a colorless paramagnetic gas. It is oxidized in the air to reddish-brown nitrogen dioxide NO 2. It is poorly soluble in water. It is produced directly from nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures, and is a source of air pollution along with nitrogen dioxide. It easily reacts with many substances and is easily oxidized. It is easily absorbed in solutions of metal salts, and for example, with iron(II) sulfate it forms an unstable brown nitrosyl compound, so it is used for detection. It is a raw material for the production of nitric acid. It forms metal nitrosyls with many transition metals. In the air, it becomes a mixture of NO 2 and N 2 O 4 , which is highly toxic.

Nitrous oxide is also commonly known as anhydrous nitrous acid. It is a brown gas obtained by reacting arsenic oxide (III) with nitric acid, and is composed of two molecules of ON-NO. It can also be obtained by reacting nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide at low temperatures. The liquid and solid form are blue. It is unstable and dissolves in water to produce nitrous acid, which further becomes nitric acid and nitric oxide.

Nitrogen trioxide (NO3 ) is an unstable dark blue gas produced by the reaction of nitrogen oxides with ozone, while dinitrogen hexoxide ( N2O6 ) is an extremely unstable green solid produced by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with liquid oxygen.

Others include nitrous oxide ( N2O ), nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen tetroxide ( N2O4 ) , and dinitrogen pentoxide ( N2O5 ) ( Figure ).

[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara]

[References] | Dinitrogen monoxide | Nitrogen ring reaction | Dinitrogen pentoxide | Nitrogen oxides | Nitrogen dioxide [Supplementary information] | Nitric oxide (Data Note 1) | Nitric oxide (Data Note 2)
Differences in the structure of nitric oxide (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Differences in the structure of nitric oxide (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

窒素の酸化物の総称で、酸化数ⅠからⅤまでの化合物が知られているが、一般には一酸化窒素NOをさすことが多い。また環境用語で窒素酸化物というときは一酸化窒素と二酸化窒素の混合物であるいわゆるノックスNOxをさすことが多い。

 一酸化窒素nitrogen monoxideは、亜硝酸塩とヨウ化水素酸の反応で得られる。工業的には、触媒の存在下でアンモニアの酸素酸化で得られる。また空気中で高温燃焼があると生成するので、工場の煙突からの排ガス、あるいは自動車その他の内燃機関の燃焼排ガス中に含まれる。その他大気中の放電によっても生成される。無色の常磁性気体。空気中で酸化されて赤褐色の二酸化窒素NO2になる。水には溶けにくい。窒素と酸素から高温で直接生成するので、二酸化窒素とともに大気汚染源となる。多くの物質と反応しやすく、酸化されやすい。金属塩の溶液に吸収されやすく、たとえば、硫酸鉄(Ⅱ)とは不安定な褐色のニトロシル化合物をつくるので、検出に用いられる。硝酸製造原料である。多くの遷移金属と金属ニトロシルをつくる。空気中ではNO2とN2O4の混合物となり、毒性が強い。

 三酸化二窒素は無水亜硝酸と俗称することもある。酸化ヒ素(Ⅲ)に硝酸を作用させて得られる褐色の気体でON-NO2分子からなる。一酸化窒素と二酸化窒素を低温で反応させても得られる。液体と固体は青色。不安定で水に溶けて亜硝酸を生じるが、さらに硝酸と一酸化窒素になる。

 三酸化窒素NO3は、窒素の酸化物とオゾンの反応によって生じる不安定な濃青色の気体。また、六酸化二窒素N2O6は、二酸化窒素と液体酸素との反応によって生成するきわめて不安定な緑色固体である。

 ほかに、一酸化二窒素(亜酸化窒素)N2O、二酸化窒素、四酸化二窒素N2O4、五酸化二窒素N2O5がある()。

[守永健一・中原勝儼]

[参照項目] | 一酸化二窒素 | 褐輪反応 | 五酸化二窒素 | 窒素酸化物 | 二酸化窒素[補完資料] | 酸化窒素(データノート1) | 酸化窒素(データノート2)
酸化窒素の構造の相違〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

酸化窒素の構造の相違〔図〕


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