A component of a word to which an affix can be attached. The stem is the core of the word in that the meaning of the stem is modified by the meaning of the affix, not the other way around. In "mi-ru" and "mi-reba," the inflectional affix (which creates an inflectional series for all stems in the same grammatical class) is attached to the stem (mi). In "furu-hon" and "hon-ya," the derivational affix (which creates a different stem or word for a limited range of stems) is attached to the stem (hon). "Furuhon-ya" can be analyzed as "[furu-hon]-ya," with "furuhon" acting as the stem here. There are also cases where the stem alone is a word without an affix, such as "hon." It is sometimes said that the stem indicates lexical meaning and the inflectional affix indicates grammatical meaning, but this distinction is relative, based on differences in the degree of meaning. [Susumu Yamada] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
語の構成要素の一つで、接辞が付属しうる部分。語幹の意味が接辞の意味により修飾され、その逆ではないという点で、語幹が語の中核となる。「見‐ル」「見‐レバ」では、語幹〈見〉に(同一の文法クラスに属する語幹のすべてについて、語形変化系列をつくる)屈折接辞が付属する。「ふる‐本」「本‐や」では、語幹〈本〉に(限られた範囲の語幹について別の語幹または語をつくる)派生接辞が付属する。「古本屋」は「〔ふる‐本〕‐や」と分析でき、〈ふる本〉はここでは語幹として働く。また「本」のように接辞をもたず、語幹だけで語になる場合もある。語幹は語彙(ごい)的意味を、屈折接辞は文法的意味を示すといわれることがあるが、この区別は意味の程度の差に基づく相対的なものである。 [山田 進] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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