This is a family register made in the year of Kanoeuma in 670 (the 9th year of Emperor Tenchi's reign). It no longer exists, but according to the Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan Continued) and other later historical documents, it is known that this family register was made for the entire country. According to the provisions of the Taiho Code, normal family registers were to be kept for 30 years, but the Kanoeuma Nenshi was an exception and was to be preserved forever. In fact, it is known from the Kozuke Province Change Records that it remained until the mid-Heian period. This family register was apparently used as a standard for clan and surname, and historical documents related to it can be found in the Ryo no Shuge (Compilation of Codes), a commentary on the code, and in national histories. The Kanoeuma Nenshi is also the oldest family register that can be confirmed to have been made nationwide. The fact that a nationwide registration was made during the reign of Emperor Tenchi shows that the reign of Emperor Tenchi was of great significance in the history of the establishment of the Ritsuryo ruling system. However, it is not known whether the format and contents were identical to those of the 8th century family register, or what the differences, if any, were. [Kiyoaki Kito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
670年(天智天皇9)庚午(かのえうま)の年につくられた戸籍。現存していないが、『続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)』やその他後代の史料によると、この戸籍は全国的な範囲で作成されたものであることが知られる。大宝令(たいほうりょう)の規定によると、通常の戸籍は30年保管されることになっていたが、「庚午年籍」だけは例外として永久に保存されるべきものと規定されていた。事実、平安中期まで残されていたことが「上野(こうずけ)国交替実録帳」などによって知られる。この戸籍は、氏姓の基準として用いられたらしく、令の注釈書である『令集解(りょうのしゅうげ)』や国史にそれに関連する史料が散見する。また「庚午年籍」は現在その全国的実施が確認できる最古の戸籍である。このように全国的な造籍が天智(てんじ)朝に行われたことは、天智朝が律令支配体制の成立史上大きな意義をもっていたことを示している。もっとも、8世紀の戸籍と形式・内容が同一であったかどうか、異なる点があるとすればどのような点であったのかは、わかっていない。 [鬼頭清明] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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