Flying people or things in an aircraft. The curtain was raised on aviation in 1783, when Pilatre de Roger and the Marquis d'Arlandes rose into the sky in a hot air balloon built by the Montgolfier brothers. In the second half of the 19th century, airships propelled by steam engines or electric motors appeared, and in the 20th century, the German Zeppelin airship became the world's first paid air passenger service. However, these were lighter-than-air aircraft, and heavier-than-air aircraft, which fly by supporting their weight with lift acting on the wings, came much later, and it was not until the end of the 19th century that experiments with gliders began. After the Wright brothers' first successful airplane flight in 1903, the development of aviation progressed rapidly, with airplanes at the center, and today airplanes are not only a major means of high-speed transportation, but also extend into the fields of industrial aviation, private aviation, and sports aviation. Military aviation also exerts a dominant force in all aspects of combat, including attack, reconnaissance, transport and patrol. From a technical standpoint, the scope of aviation today is extremely broad, and includes not only aircraft airframes and engines, but also aviation instruments, electronic and communication equipment, navigation technology, airport facilities, air traffic control systems, aviation rescue, aviation medicine and psychology, and more. These are also indicators of a country's technological level, and in recent years have also been applied to fields such as rockets and space flight. →Aerospace engines / Air transport business / Aerospace industry Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
航空機に人や物を乗せて空中を飛ぶこと。航空の幕が切って落とされたのは1783年,モンゴルフィエ兄弟が製作した熱気球にピラトール・ド・ロジェとダルランド侯爵が乗り組んで空へ昇ったときである。19世紀後半には蒸気機関や電動機駆動のプロペラを推進装置としてもつ飛行船が登場し,20世紀に入るとドイツのツェッペリン飛行船によって世界最初の有償航空旅客輸送が始められた。しかしこれらは空気より軽い軽航空機であり,翼に働く揚力で重量を支えて飛ぶ空気より重い航空機,すなわち重航空機のほうはずっと後れて,ようやく19世紀の終りからグライダーによる実験が始まった。1903年にライト兄弟が初めて飛行機による飛行に成功して以後は,航空の発展は飛行機を中心として急速に進み,現在では主要な高速交通機関であるだけでなく,産業航空や自家用・スポーツ航空の分野にも広がっている。また軍用航空も攻撃,偵察,輸送,哨戒(しょうかい)など,戦闘各部面に支配的な力を発揮する。技術的にみた今日の航空の内容はきわめて広範で,航空機の機体や原動機などにとどまらず,航空計器や電子・通信装備,航法技術,空港設備,航空交通管制システム,航空救難,航空医学・心理学などにわたる。これらはその国の技術水準の一指標でもあり,最近はさらにロケット,宇宙飛行などの分野へも応用されている。→航空原動機/航空運送事業/航空宇宙工業
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