When the intended use of a material is given, it refers to determining the composition, manufacturing method, temperature, stress, and other conditions of use of the alloy that are suitable for that purpose, as well as the life under those conditions. Historically, it can be traced back to M. Faraday's research on alloy steel in the early 19th century, but it was not until the late 1960s that attempts were made to systematically organize the experience of alloy development to date and use it to develop new alloys based on the theoretical results of physical property research. The major difference between physical property research and alloy design is that the former has an analytical orientation to understand phenomena, and some kind of solution always exists, while the latter has a synthetic orientation and relies on discovery or trial-and-error methodologies, and because it is closely related to the application, the results of each alloy design are subject to continuous improvement in the future. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
材料の使用目的が示されたとき,その目的に合った合金の組成,製造方法,温度,応力などの使用条件およびその条件下での寿命を決定することをいう。歴史的には19世紀初頭のM.ファラデーの合金鋼の研究にまでさかのぼることができるが,物性研究の理論的成果を基台にして,これまでの合金開発の経験を系統的に整理し,これを新たな合金開発のために利用することが試みられたのは1960年代の後半になってからである。物性研究と合金設計との大きな違いは,前者が現象理解のための分析的な志向性をもち,なんらかの解が必ず存在するのに対して,後者は合成的な志向性をもち,発見的あるいは試行錯誤的な方法論に依拠していること,用途と密接な関係があるため,それぞれの合金設計の結果は以後の不断の改良を前提としていることである。
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