Kume Mai - Dizzy

Japanese: 久米舞 - くめまい
Kume Mai - Dizzy

One of the national dances used in court ceremonies. Its origins are said to lie in the manners and dances of the ancient Kume clan, who submitted to the royal authority early on. Later, this Kume group formed the Kumebe under the Otomo clan and was mainly involved in battles, and their bravery is shown in a series of Kume songs (Kumeuta) that appear in the section on Emperor Jinmu in the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki. When the Gagaku Bureau was established, Kumemai was also taught there, and it began to become more stylized as court ceremonial music. According to the Ryō no Shūge, the Otomo clan played the koto and their branch clan, the Saeki clan, danced with swords, and this type of dance reflects the character of the Kumebe, who served the imperial court with their military skills. Furthermore, Kumemai was performed along with other musical and dance music at the time of the consecration ceremony for the Great Buddha of Todaiji Temple in 752 (Tenpyo Shoho 4), and in the Heian period, it became customary for Kumemai to be performed by the Otomo and Saeki clans at the Toyokari Festival of the Daijoe Ceremony.

The tradition of Kumemai continued into the Muromachi period, but after this period it declined and eventually disappeared, only to be revived at the Daijosai ceremony in 1818 (Bunsei 1) during the Edo period. However, the revived piece handed down to the Imperial Household Agency's Music Department today is a new composition for a four-person dance accompanied by a hichiriki, wagon, and flute, and is not a revival of the ancient form itself.

[Shigeru Takayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

宮廷儀式に用いる国風歌舞の一つ。その起源は、早く王権に服属した古代の久米一族の風俗歌舞にあるといわれる。のちにこの久米集団は大伴連(おおとものむらじ)のもとで来目部(久米部)(くめべ)を形成し、主として戦闘に携わったが、その勇猛さは『日本書紀』と『古事記』神武(じんむ)天皇の条にみえる一連の来目歌(久米歌)(くめうた)に示されている。雅楽寮が設置されると、久米舞もここにおいて教習され、宮廷の式楽としての様式化が進むようになる。『令集解(りょうのしゅうげ)』によると、大伴氏が琴を弾き、その支族の佐伯(さえき)氏が刀を持って舞ったとあるが、このような舞容に、武をもって朝廷に仕えた久米部の性格の反映がみられる。さらに752年(天平勝宝4)の東大寺大仏開眼供養(だいぶつかいげんくよう)のときにも、他の楽舞とともに久米舞が行われたが、平安時代になると久米舞は大伴・佐伯両氏によって大嘗会(だいじょうえ)の豊明節会(とよあかりのせちえ)に行われることが慣例化した。

 久米舞の伝承は室町時代に至るまで続いたが、しかしこの時代を境に衰微しやがて廃絶に至り、江戸時代の1818年(文政1)の大嘗会に再興された。ただし、今日宮内庁楽部に伝えられているその再興曲は、篳篥(ひちりき)、和琴(わごん)、笛による四人舞の新作曲であり、古態そのものの復活ではない。

[高山 茂]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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