It is a diamond mining town in the northeastern part of the Northern Cape Province in the central part of South Africa. It is located 150 km west-northwest of Bloemfontein, the capital of the province, at an altitude of 1,250 m. It has a population of 167,060 (1995), of which 34,066 are white. In 2002, the estimated population was 189,500. It was founded in 1871 after the discovery of the Kimberley mines, and in 1875, the railway line from Cape Town was opened and the railway's headquarters was established here. Initially, the Kimberley Central Mining Company, run by Barnett Barnato (1852-97), was involved in diamond mining, but in 1888 it was bought by the De Beers Mining Company, run by Cecil Rhodes and Charles Dunell Rudd (1844-1916), who continued mining thereafter. The Griqualand West Supreme Court, City Hall, and General Post Office are located in front of the Market Square in the center of the city, and the De Beers Mining Company office is located on Stockdill Street. Most of the other public buildings are located on the main street, Rue du Toitpin. The rough diamonds mined here are first collected at Kimberley House, the diamond exchange, and then sent to polishing factories in the country and the UK. There is also a statue of Cecil Rhodes on horseback at the intersection of this main street and Lennox Street, and a World War I memorial at the intersection with Memorial Street. In the north of the city, there is the remains of an open-cut mine called the Big Hole, which is about 500 meters in diameter, 400 meters deep, and has removed 21 million tons of soil. It can be observed from an observation deck located on the north side of the hole. [Akifumi Hayashi] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アフリカ共和国中部、北ケープ州北東部にあるダイヤモンド鉱山都市。同州の州都ブルームフォンテーンの西北西150キロメートル、標高1250メートルに位置する。人口16万7060(1995)、うち白人は3万4066人。2002年の推計人口は18万9500。1871年のキンバリー鉱山の発見により建設され、75年にはケープ・タウンからの鉄道が開通、同鉄道の本部が置かれた。当初バルナトBarnett Barnato(1852―97)のキンバリー・セントラル鉱業会社がダイヤモンドの採掘にあたったが、88年セシル・ローズとラッドCharles Dunell Rudd(1844―1916)のデビアース鉱業会社に買収され、以後同社が採掘を続けた。市の中心部マーケット広場に面してグリクァランド・ウェスト最高裁判所、市庁舎、中央郵便局があり、デビアース鉱業会社事務所はストックディル街にある。そのほか公共建物のほとんどは目抜き通りのデュトアパン街にある。当地で産出されたダイヤモンド原石はいったんダイヤモンド取引所のキンバリー・ハウスに集められ、そこから国内およびイギリスの研磨工場に送られる。またこの目抜き通りとレノックス街との交差点にはセシル・ローズの馬上像、メモリアル街との交差点には第一次世界大戦記念碑が立っている。市の北部には、ビッグ・ホールとよばれる直径約500メートル、深さ約400メートル、運び出された土の量2100万トンという露天掘りの跡があり、その北側に設けられた展望台から観察できる。 [林 晃史] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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