The highest court position in the Merovingian dynasty of the Frankish Empire. Originally it was merely a butler-like position in charge of household affairs, but around 600, as a result of gaining control over the king's retainers, its status rose and changed from a court position to the highest official position in national administration. Each of the kings other than the king also appointed their own mayors, and as royal authority weakened after the 7th century, the mayors of Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy rose to prominence. In particular, Pepin the Middle, the Carolingian mayor of Austrasia, defeated Neustria in 687 and became the mayor of Neustria and Burgundy, seizing real power over the entire kingdom. His son Charles Martel repelled the Islamic army in the Battle of Tours and Poitiers, establishing the authority of his family, and during the reign of his son Pepin the Younger, he succeeded in abolishing the nominal Merovingian kingship and taking the throne. [Shosuke Hirajo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランク王国メロビング朝の最高の宮廷職。もとは家政をつかさどる執事のような役職にすぎなかったが、600年ごろより、国王の従士団の指揮権を掌握した結果、その地位を高め、宮廷職から国家行政の最高官職に変化した。国王以外の各分国王も自己の宮宰を置き、7世紀以降の王権の弱体化に伴い、ノイストリア、アウストラシア、ブルグントの宮宰が頭角を現した。とりわけアウストラシア分国の宮宰カロリング家のピピン(中)は、687年、ノイストリアを破り、ノイストリア、ブルグントの宮宰職をも兼ね、全王国の実権を握った。その子カール・マルテルは、トゥール・ポアチエの戦いでイスラム軍を撃退して、同家の権威を確立した結果、その子ピピン(小)の時代に、名目的なメロビング朝の国王を廃止し、王位につくことに成功した。 [平城照介] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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