Bureaucrat - Kanryo

Japanese: 官僚 - かんりょう

Narrowly speaking, it refers to a person (group) in charge of the administrative affairs of the state and who receives a salary from the state, but broadly, it refers to a person (group) in charge of the management affairs of any social group. They may develop a personality with a unique closed, hierarchical, and privileged consciousness called "bureaucratic," and are noted for functioning as a powerful political group in absolutist and popular states. M. Weber's research analyzing the expansion of the "legitimate control type" known as bureaucracy is famous. In modern Japan, it arose under clan politics and temporarily retreated with the emergence of party politics, but became stronger as political parties weakened, and after the Manchurian Incident, a group called "new bureaucrats" that were linked to the military were born. In prewar Japan, the Ministry of Internal Affairs was the core of the bureaucracy, but after the war, the center of gravity shifted to economic ministries, and pathological phenomena of the bureaucracy such as "amakudari" and "entertainment of officials" became prominent.
Related articlesGovernment｜Mass Society｜Civil Service Appointments

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

狭くは国家の行政事務を担当し，国家から給与を受ける人間（群）をさすが，広くはあらゆる社会集団の管理事務を担当する人間（群）をさしていう。〈官僚的〉といわれる独特の閉鎖的・階級的・特権的意識をもつパーソナリティを発展させることがあるとともに，絶対主義や大衆国家などにおいて，強力な政治集団として機能することで注目される。官僚制という〈合法的支配類型〉の肥大化を分析したM.ウェーバーの研究は著名。近代日本では藩閥政治のもとで発生し，政党政治出現で一時後退したが，政党弱体化に伴い強力となり，満州事変後軍部と結ぶ〈新官僚〉と呼ばれる集団も生まれた。戦前の日本では内務省が官僚制の中核をなしたが，戦後はその重心が経済官庁に移っており，そのなかで〈天下り〉〈官官接待〉などの官僚制の病理現象が顕著になっている。
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