Fictitious confession

Japanese: 擬制自白 - ぎせいじはく
Fictitious confession

Under the Civil Procedure Law, a party is deemed to have confessed a fact asserted by the other party in oral argument or pre-trial proceedings because the party does not clearly dispute the fact. In civil litigation, the principle of oral argument is adopted, and only facts that are disputed between the parties are to be established by evidence. As a result, in the case of a fictitious confession, examination of evidence is not required as there is no dispute between the parties. If a party does not appear at the second or subsequent continuation hearing, he or she may not know the fact asserted by the other party, and may not dispute it. In that case, a fictitious confession is also established. Therefore, if there is a fictitious confession, the court must immediately use it as the basis for the trial without determining whether the fact is true or false. However, whether or not a fact was disputed is determined by taking into account the overall gist of the argument (even if it is not directly disputed orally, if it is considered that a fact was disputed based on the attitude, a fictitious confession is not established). Therefore, if a party disputes it by the time oral argument is concluded (however, the dispute may be dismissed as being too late), it will not be considered a confession.

[Yoshinobu Homma]

[References] | Fiction | Confession | Apologetics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

民事訴訟法上、口頭弁論または弁論準備手続において、当事者が相手方主張の事実を明らかに争わないためにその事実を自白したとみなされること。民事訴訟では原則として弁論主義が採用され、当事者間に争いがある事実のみを証拠によって認定するとする結果、擬制自白の場合も、当事者間に争いがないものとして証拠調べが不要とされる。なお、当事者が2回目以降の続行期日に出頭しない場合は、相手方の主張事実を知らないであろうから、争わないことがありえる。そのときも擬制自白が成立する。したがって、裁判所は、擬制自白があれば、その事実の真否を認定せず、ただちに裁判の基礎としなければならない。ただし、争ったか否かは、弁論の全趣旨をも総合して判断する(直接口頭で争わなくとも、態度から争ったと考えられるときは、擬制自白は成立しない)。したがって、口頭弁論終結時までに争えば(ただし、時機に後れたとして、争うことが却下されることがある)自白とみなされないことになる。

[本間義信]

[参照項目] | 擬制 | 自白 | 弁論主義

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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