Eye Height Difference - Gankousa

Japanese: 眼高差 - がんこうさ
Eye Height Difference - Gankousa

…The horizon, or what we call the horizon line, is theoretically a line at an altitude of 0°, but because the Earth is spherical, the horizon that is actually seen by an observer is lower than 0° altitude depending on the observer's height. This angle is called the horizon depression angle, or dip of horizon. When a person's eyes are above sea level, the horizon is at an altitude of 0°, but when a person stands above sea level, the horizon appears to be about 0.04° below an altitude of 0°, and when seen from a 3000m mountain or an airplane, it appears to be 1.8° below an altitude of 0°, but in reality, due to the influence of atmospheric refraction, the horizon that should be 1.9° below is raised and appears to be 1.6° below. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "eye height difference" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…地平線または水平線と呼ばれているものは,理論的には高度0゜の線であるが,地球が球形になっているため,観測者の高さによって実際に見える地平線は高度0゜よりも下になっている。この角を地平俯角,あるいは眼高差dip of horizonと呼んでいる。海面上に人間の目があったときの水平線は高度0゜であるが,海面上に人間が立ったときの水平線は高度0゜より0.゜04程度下に見え,3000mの山,または航空機から見る地平線は高度0゜より1.゜8下に見えることになるが,実際には大気の屈折の影響を受けて1.゜9下にあるべき地平線が浮き上がって1.゜6下に見える。…

※「眼高差」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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