... The United States was the first country to adopt an income policy based on this idea on a large scale. For example, under the Kennedy administration in the early 1960s, the government set a guideline of 3% per year with the goal of keeping wage growth within the range of productivity growth, but the implementation of this was relatively gradual. In contrast, the income policy under the Nixon administration from 1971 to 1973 was a powerful one that aimed to freeze wages and prices over a wide area, and it is said to have succeeded in holding down the rate of price increases during that period, at least in the short term. ... From [Wage Drift]…Even if wage agreements can be controlled, if wage drift occurs, the actual rate of wage increase is not controlled, and income policy has to be a no-brainer. In the United States, income policy was implemented under the name of Guide Post, but wage agreements in major industries such as the automobile industry were company-level agreements, so the wage drift problem did not occur. In Japan, income policy was not implemented, but company-level wage agreements were dominant, so the wage drift problem also did not occur. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "guide posts" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… このようなアイデアに基づく所得政策が実際に大規模に採用されたのはアメリカにおいてである。たとえば1960年代前半のケネディ政権のもとでは,賃金上昇率を生産性上昇率の範囲内に抑えることを目標に,政府が年率3%というガイド・ポストを提示したが,その施行は比較的緩やかなものであった。これに対して71‐73年ニクソン政権下の所得政策は広範囲にわたる賃金・物価の凍結をめざす強力なものであり,同期間の物価上昇率を少なくとも短期的に抑えることには成功したといわれている。… 【賃金ドリフト】より…賃金協約をコントロールしえても,賃金ドリフトが発生している場合には,実際の賃金上昇率をコントロールしたことにはならず,所得政策はしり抜けにならざるをえない。アメリカでは,ガイド・ポストという名で所得政策が実施されたが,自動車などの主要産業の賃金協約が企業別協約であったために,賃金ドリフト問題は発生しなかった。日本では,所得政策は行われなかったが,企業別賃金協約が支配的なので,同じく賃金ドリフト問題は起こらなかった。… ※「ガイド・ポスト」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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