Fish cutting fishing

...Even today, the "nori picking" (iwanori) harvesting that women do on rocks in the winter from Sanin to Hokuriku, and the "shellfish digging" that families enjoy doing on shallow sandy beaches during the spring tide, are both vestiges of this primitive form of fishing activity, and "poison fishing," in which poisonous plant roots are used to catch small fish in tidal flats and puddles, can also be said to be an extension of this gathering culture. At this stage, if people begin to use tools, they often initially repurpose tools used for other tasks on land for use near water. For example, the ``fire-waving fishing'' method, described in the Manyoshu as being performed by the people of Kuzu (Yamato region), is a fishing method that has been followed unchanged until recently, in which the fish gathered around a light held in one hand are hit with the back of a hatchet. ``Fish-cutting fishing,'' in which fish are caught from above the water by wading waist-deep in the shallow reefs of the Sulu Sea (southern Philippines) and the fish gathered around a fire from a lantern held in the left hand are quickly slashed with a boro (machete) in the right hand, is also an early stage in which such makeshift tools were used.
[Various types]
Fishing culture, contrasted with land-based hunting culture, is an act of "chasing and catching" animals or "lying in wait and catching them," and this logic continues in its original form in modern fishing.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "fish cutting fishing" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…現代でも，山陰から北陸にかけて女性が従事する冬の岩場での〈海苔（のり）つみ〉つまりイワノリ採取も，遠浅の砂浜海岸で春の大潮に家族づれでにぎわう〈潮干狩り〉もいわばこのような原初形態の漁労活動のなごりであるし，草根の毒を使って干潟や水たまりの小魚を捕らえる〈毒漁poison fishing〉も，このような採集文化の延長上にあるといってよい。この段階で，道具を使用しはじめる場合，これも最初は陸上の他の作業に使う道具をそのまま水辺に転用することが多く，たとえば《万葉集》の国栖（くず）(大和地方)人が行ったという〈火振り漁〉は，片手にかざした灯火に集まってくる川魚を，鉈（なた）の背でたたくという形で最近までそのまま踏襲された漁法であるし，スールー海(フィリピン南部)の浅い磯で腰まで浸りながら左手にかざしたカンテラの火に集まる魚を右手のボロ(山刀)で水面上からすばやく切りつける〈魚切り漁〉も，そのようなありあわせの道具を使用した初期的段階のものである。
［諸類型］
　陸上の狩猟文化と対比される漁労文化は，動物を〈追っかけていってつかまえる〉または〈待ち伏せしてつかまえる〉という行為であって，この論理はそのままの形で近代漁業にまで続いている。…

※「魚切り漁」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報