Wals - Wals

Japanese: ウァルス - うぁるす

... Thus, during the age of Emperor Augustus, which is said to be the heyday of Rome, Rome frequently sent troops to expand the borders of the empire from the Elbe and its tributary, the Moldau, to the line connecting the Danube and the Rhine. As a result, the Germanic tribes between the Rhine and the Elbe maintained a loosely subordinate relationship with Rome for a while, and there were no major conflicts during that time. However, after the Roman governor Publius Quintilius Varus was defeated by a surprise attack by the army of Arminius, the leader of the Cherusci, in the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD (Battle of Teutoburg), Rome went on the defensive and built a long wall (limes) in the triangle area from the middle of the Rhine to the upper Danube to prepare for the invasion of the Germanic tribes. Rome also established two provinces, Lower Germania and Upper Germania, on the left bank of the Rhine (Germania), and built many forts in the Decmate area of the triangle, so that the influence of Roman culture was strongly imprinted in these areas. …

From the Battle of Teutoburg

…In AD 9, in the Teutoburg Forest (the exact location is unknown) between the Ems and Weser rivers, German tribes under the leadership of Arminius, a powerful member of the Cherusci tribe, surprised and annihilated three Roman legions (commanded by Publius Quinctilius Varus) moving to their winter quarters. Since Drusus' campaign (12-9 BC), Augustus' plan to annex western Germania from the Rhine to the Elbe River was thwarted, and Arminius was called the "Liberator of Germania." …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Varus" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　こうしてローマの盛時といわれるアウグストゥス帝の時代に入ると，ローマはエルベ川とその支流モルダウ川から，ドナウ川を結ぶ線まで，帝国の境界を広げようとしばしば兵を出した結果，ライン，エルベ両川間のゲルマン諸族は，しばらくローマとゆるい従属関係を保ち，その間だけは大きな紛争はなかった。ところが後9年，ローマの総督ウァルスPublius Quintilius Varusが，トイトブルクの森で，ケルスキ族の長アルミニウスの軍の奇襲をうけて大敗を喫して以来(トイトブルクの戦)，ローマは守勢に転ずることとなり，ライン川の中流からドナウ川の上流に達する三角地帯に長城(リメス)を築いて，ゲルマン人の侵入に備えることとなった。ローマはまたライン川左岸に下ゲルマニア，上ゲルマニアの二つの属州を設け(ゲルマニア)，三角地帯のデクマテス地方に多数の城砦を築いたため，これらの地域にはローマ文化の影響が色濃く印せられた。…

【トイトブルクの戦】より

…後9年，エムス，ウェーザー両川間の〈トイトブルクの森Saltus Teutoburgiensis〉(正確な位置は不明)で，ケルスキ族の有力者アルミニウス指導下のゲルマン諸族が，冬営地へ移動中のローマの3軍団(指揮官ウァルスPublius Quinctilius Varus)を奇襲，全滅させた戦闘。ドルススの遠征(前12‐前9)以来，アウグストゥスが進めてきたライン川以東エルベ川に至る西ゲルマニア併合策はここに挫折，アルミニウスは〈ゲルマニアの解放者〉と称された。…

※「ウァルス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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