A town on the Ghagara River in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, northern India. It is one of the seven holy sites of Hinduism, and was the early capital of the Kosala Kingdom in the 6th century BCE. Seketa, where Buddha once stayed, is believed to be Ayodhya, and many ruins remain, including a stupa built by King Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. In Hinduism, it is recorded in the Ramayana as the birthplace of Prince Rama, and as the worship of Rama grew, it became revered as a holy place. There are many small hills around the town that are thought to be ancient ruins, but sufficient archaeological investigations have not been done. In the 13th century, it came under the control of the Islamic power of Delhi Sultanate, and in the 16th century, it became part of the Mughal Empire, and the Rama Temple was destroyed by the founder of the empire, Babur, and a mosque called Babri Masjid was built on the site (1528). In 1949, shortly after independence from Britain, Hindus enshrined a statue of Lord Rama in the mosque, but the government, fearing a clash between the two religions, closed it. In the 1980s, Hindus led by the Bharatiya Janata Party increasingly demanded the mosque be reopened, and in 1992, about 200,000 Hindus from all over the country destroyed the mosque. This triggered clashes between Hindus and Muslims across the country, escalating into religious riots that left more than 1,100 people dead in a few days. Population: 40,786 (1991). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インド北部,ウッタルプラデーシュ州東部,ガーガラ川に面する町。ヒンドゥー教の7聖地の1つで,前6世紀にコーサラ国の初期の首都であった。ブッダ (釈迦 ) が滞在したことがあるというセケタは,アヨーディヤーのこととされており,前3世紀にアショーカ王が建設したとされるストゥーパなど,多くの遺跡が残されている。ヒンドゥー教ではラーマ王子誕生の地として『ラーマーヤナ』に記されており,ラーマ崇拝の高まりとともに,聖地として尊崇を集めてきた。町の周辺に古代遺跡と考えられる多くの小山があるが,十分な考古学的調査はされていない。 13世紀にイスラム勢力のデリー・サルタナットの支配下となり,16世紀にはムガル帝国の版図に入り,帝国の始祖バーブルによってラーマ寺院は破壊され,跡地にバーブリマスジットと呼ばれるモスクが建設された (1528) 。イギリスから独立した直後の 1949年,ヒンドゥー教徒はこのモスク内にラーマ神像を安置したが,両宗教の衝突を懸念した政府はこれを閉鎖。やがて 1980年代に入ると,インド人民党を中心としたヒンドゥー教徒によるモスク開放要求が盛んになり,92年には全国から集った約 20万人のヒンドゥー教徒がこのモスクを破壊するという事件が起った。これをきっかけに全国にヒンドゥー教徒とイスラム教徒の衝突が発生し,数日間で 1100人以上の死者を出した宗教暴動に発展した。人口4万 786 (1991) 。
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