It is an old genus name included in the genus Rhododendron of the Ericaceae family (APG classification: Ericaceae), but in horticulture it is a general term for the azalea species called Western azalea (also known as Dutch azalea), which was created by crossbreeding and improving the Chinese species R. simsii Pl. with several other species. It is an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub of the Ericaceae family, growing to a height of 1-2 meters, but is often grown in pots at a height of 30-60 centimeters. The branches are thicker than those of Satsuki and Kurume azalea, and are roughly divided. The leaves are elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, 2-5 centimeters long, pointed at the tip, dark green, and somewhat thick. The flowers bloom in April-May outdoors, but in greenhouses they bloom in February-March. The petals are broad and funnel-shaped, and larger than those of Satsuki. Depending on the variety, the flowers can be single, double or double, some have stamens that have turned into thin petals, some have petal tips that are round and wide, making them look large, and some have petal edges that shrink. The flower colors range from white to red and reddish purple, and there is a wide variety of variations, such as light and dark colors, pinched edges, and ringed edges. [Yoshio Kobayashi April 16, 2021] History and varietiesThe Chinese azalea, native to China, was introduced to England in 1810, and then Rhododendron ledifolium , Satsuki azalea and other varieties were introduced, which were hybridized and improved in Europe to become the Western azalea. Horticulturists in England, Belgium and France carried out extensive hybridization between 1822 and 1833, resulting in the development of many varieties, with Belgium in particular producing many excellent varieties and remaining the center of production to this day. Azaleas were first imported to Japan in 1892 (Meiji 25), and from around 1907 (Meiji 40), many varieties were imported from Belgium and the Netherlands. Niigata Prefecture has been the main producer of azaleas in Japan since around 1935 (Showa 10), and produces over 90% of the azaleas in the country. There are over 2,000 varieties, including early varieties for the New Year, such as Anglosius, Dresden, and Metao, and late varieties that bloom from March to April, such as Apollo, Souvenir, and Eclairelle, and new varieties are created every year. [Yoshio Kobayashi April 16, 2021] CultivationAs it has poor cold resistance, the winter temperature should be kept at a minimum of 2°C, and it is usually overwintered in a greenhouse or hotbed. The soil for potting seedlings is Kanuma soil, or a half-and-half mix of sand and peat moss. In summer, the plants should be protected from the afternoon sun and covered with reed screens. Reproduction is by cuttings, grafting, and seedlings; cuttings are taken from river sand or Kanuma soil, and are planted outdoors in June and July. Most common pests are the leaf beetle and red mites, and the plant is susceptible to blossom rot, which can be prevented by spraying a solution of 800 times the concentration of Manebudisen. [Yoshio Kobayashi April 16, 2021] [Reference] | |Exbury azalea, bred in the UK ©Shogakukan "> Western azalea Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ツツジ科(APG分類:ツツジ科)のロードデンドロンRhododendron属に含められている旧属名であるが、園芸上は中国産のシナサツキ(タイワンヤマツツジ)R. simsii Pl.を中心にして他の数種と交配改良してつくりだしたセイヨウツツジ(一名オランダツツジ)とよぶツツジ類の総称である。ツツジ科の常緑または半常緑低木で高さ1~2メートルになるが、多くは30~60センチメートルの鉢植えにしている。枝はサツキやクルメツツジより太く、粗く枝を分ける。葉は楕円(だえん)形または楕円状披針(ひしん)形、長さ2~5センチメートルで先がとがり、深緑色で葉質がやや厚い。花は野外では4~5月に開くが、温室では2~3月に開花し、花弁は広い漏斗(ろうと)状でサツキより大きい。花は品種により、一重、二重、八重咲きなどがあり、雄しべが細い花弁に変わっているもの、花弁の先が丸く広くなり大輪にみえるもの、花弁の縁に縮みの出るものもある。花色も白から紅、赤紫色まであり、色の濃淡、絞りや覆輪の出るものなど変異に富んでいる。 [小林義雄 2021年4月16日] 来歴・品種中国原産のシナサツキが1810年にイギリスに入り、さらにロードデンドロン・レディフォリウムR. ledifolium、サツキなどの各種も導入され、これらが交雑され、ヨーロッパで改良されたものがアザレア(セイヨウツツジ)である。イギリス、ベルギー、フランスなどの園芸家によって1822年から1833年ごろ交雑が多く行われ、多くの品種ができたが、とくにベルギーでは優良品種が多くつくりだされ、今日まで生産の中心地になっている。 日本には1892年(明治25)に初めて輸入され、1907年(明治40)ごろからはベルギー、オランダから多数の品種を輸入した。日本では1935年(昭和10)ごろから新潟県がおもな生産地で、全国のアザレアの90%以上を生産している。品種にはアングロシウス、ドレスデン、メタオなど、新年用の早生(わせ)系や、アポロ、スブニール、エクレレールなど3~4月に咲く晩生(おくて)系もあって、2000以上の種類があり、毎年新品種がつくりだされる。 [小林義雄 2021年4月16日] 栽培耐寒性が劣るので、冬期の温度は最低2℃以上にして、普通、温室か温床で越冬させる。苗の鉢植え用土は鹿沼土(かぬまつち)、または砂とピートモスを半々に混ぜて用いる。夏は午後の日差しを避け、よしずで覆いをする。繁殖は挿木、接木(つぎき)、実生(みしょう)などが行われ、挿木は川砂または鹿沼土を用い、露地では6~7月に挿す。害虫はグンバイムシとアカダニの被害が多く、病害は花腐(はなぐされ)病が発生するので、「マンネブダイセン」の800倍液を散布して予防する。 [小林義雄 2021年4月16日] [参照項目] | |イギリスで品種改良されたエクスバリー・アザレア©Shogakukan"> セイヨウツツジ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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