...It is only when pilgrims from all over the world find themselves in the throngs of tawaf, sa'i, and 'uquf that they realize they are part of a sacred community that transcends race, ethnicity, language, and nationality. Although the only pilgrimages stipulated by Islamic law are hajj and 'umra, ziyāra, which means a visit to a tomb, is also commonly translated as pilgrimage, and its significance in religious sociology and psychology is almost the same as hajj. Ziyara includes visits to (1) the tomb of Muhammad in the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, (2) the tombs of saints, and (3) the tombs and imams of Shiites. Ziyara to Najaf, Karbala, and Mashhad in particular is considered the second most important religious event for Shiites after hajj, and has its own unique rituals. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ziyāra" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…世界の各地から集まった巡礼の群れは,タワーフ,サーイ,ウクーフの雑踏の中にわが身を置いて初めて,人種,民族,言語,国籍を超えた聖なる共同体の一員としての自己を自覚する。 イスラム法の定める巡礼はハッジュとウムラだけであるが,墓への参詣を意味するジヤーラziyāraも一般には巡礼と訳され,その宗教社会学・宗教心理学的意義は,ハッジュとほとんど変わらない。ジヤーラには,(1)メディナの預言者のモスクに収められたムハンマドの墓,(2)聖者の墓,(3)シーア派のイマームの墓およびイマームザーデへの参詣があり,とくにナジャフ,カルバラー,マシュハドへのジヤーラはシーア派にとってハッジュに次ぐ重要な宗教的行事とされ,独特な儀礼も定められている。… ※「ziyāra」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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