Senior

Japanese: seigneurie
Senior

…The shogunate was differentiated by its productivity and the type of crop produced, and the shogu head, who had perpetual tenancy rights, collected rice tax directly from the farmers, the socho, and managed the shogu in a way that he made an intermediate profit. [Umehara Iku]
【Europe】
In medieval Europe, the place of local rule by feudal lords in rural areas was called a manor (England), seigneurie, domaine (France), or Grundherrschaft (Germany), and in Japan it is translated as a manor (or estate). However, the feudal lord's rule itself was extremely diverse, such as when it involved grasping the personalities of the subjects themselves, when it involved monopolizing land ownership, or when it involved strongly expressing territoriality through judicial power, so there is no uniformity in how the content and scope of a manor are perceived.

From [Feudalism]

...(b) Feudalism in this sense is a universal phenomenon found all over the world. (c) In European academic circles, the terms manorialism, manorialism, Grundherrschaft, and seigneurie (all of which are translated as "shoen (system)" in Japan, but it is questionable whether they can be equated with Japanese manors) are used in this sense, and the term feudalism is not used. (d) In terms of time period, feudalism in this sense encompasses the entire period from the collapse of slavery to the establishment of modern civil society, but feudalism in the sense of the lehn system is only seen from the 8th or 9th century to the 13th century. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "seigneurie" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…官荘は生産性や作物の種類で差等がつき,永小作権をもつ荘頭が,直接耕作者である壮丁から租米を徴収し,中間利潤をとる形式で経営された。【梅原 郁】
【ヨーロッパ】
 ヨーロッパ中世の農村における領主による在地的支配の場はマナー(イギリス),セニュリseigneurie,ドメンdomaine(フランス),グルントヘルシャフト(ドイツ)などとよばれ,日本では荘園(ないし所領)と訳される。しかし領主的支配そのものが,領民の人身そのものを把握する場合,土地所有の独占による場合,裁判権を槓杆(こうかん)として領域性を強く示す場合など,きわめて多様であるため,荘園の内容と範囲のとらえ方も一様ではない。…

【封建制度】より

…(b)この意味での封建制度は,世界中どこにもみられる普遍的現象である。(c)ヨーロッパの学界では,この意味では領主制,マナー,グルントヘルシャフト,セニュリseigneurieの語(いずれも日本では〈荘園(制)〉と訳されているが,日本の荘園と同一視できるかは問題である)が用いられ,フューダリズムの語は用いられないのが通例である。(d)時代的には,この意味の封建制度は,奴隷制の崩壊から近代市民社会の成立までの全時期を包括するが,レーン制の意味での封建制度は,8~9世紀から13世紀までみられるにすぎない。…

※「seigneurie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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